从中外影视作品的字幕翻译中分析归化和异化策略的应用

发布时间：2018-03-21 05:36

本文选题：影视字幕翻译　切入点：归化　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国对外开放和社会经济日益发展的今天，影视作品作为文化的载体和媒介，具有更加丰富的文化内涵以及跨文化交流的使命。影视作品的译制和传播不仅为加强各国家之间的了解和交流起着重要的作用，还对普通百姓的社会生活以及价值观产生越来越大的影响。归化（domestication）和异化（foreignization）是对两种翻译策略的称谓。按照Schuttleworth和Cowie编写的Dictionary of Translation Studies中给出的定义，归化是指译者采用透明、流畅的风格以尽可能减少译语读者对外语文本的生疏感的翻译策略；异化则指刻意打破目的语的规范而保留原文的某些异域语言特色的翻译策略。为了处理好源语文化和目的文化的关系，在此过程中译者通常需要在两种基本翻译策略中做出选择。本文通过对中外影视剧的分析来解读和探讨字幕翻译是如何运用这两种翻译策略的。通过分析影视作品的具体翻译过程，，作者得出结论，为了完成其具体翻译目的，在字幕翻译中应根据作者的意图、翻译的目的、文本类型以及读者因素等将归化与异化相结合运用。本文在研究中采用定性与定量相结合的方法，在对影视翻译现象进行描述分析的过程中，选取恰当的实例加以解释或说明。所选例子均经过认真思考和筛选，具有较强的代表性，避免主观和个人随感性的论述。本研究中的实例为笔者本人在观看时根据屏幕下的中文或英文字幕如实记录而成，未经个人的改动，所选影视作品均来自官方机构正式发行或播出的译制作品。本研究侧重对所采集的语料进行辨证性的分析和思考，这样得出的结论比单凭感性抽取一些实例更具有说服力。除了引言和结论部分，本文共分四个部分。第一章是文献综述部分。这一章分为三小节。第一节论述了影视翻译在国外的研究情况、成果及代表人物。西方学者的研究起步较早，无论是在研究的广度和深度上，都有一些值得我国学者思考和借鉴的经验。第二节论述了影视翻译在国内的研究情况及成果。我国影视翻译的研究起步较晚．影视翻译理论研究水平还相对较低，还几乎没有自己成体系的理论，主要还是在实践的层面上摸索。第三节介绍了我国从事影视翻译理论研究较有成就的几位学者。包括上海外国语大学钱绍昌教授、中国传媒大学麻争旗教授、华东师范大学张春柏教授、天津大学李运兴教授和中央电视台国际部的资深编辑赵春梅等。第二章节是理论基础部分，分为两节。第一节论述了影视翻译的基本策略。译学研究表明，翻译的基本方法不外乎直译和意译，影视翻译的基本方法自然也不例外。影视翻译的基本策略并不是一种游离于影视翻译其它策略的孤立策略。它与影视翻译的其它策略之间的关系十分密切。确切讲，影视翻译的基本策略是影视翻译其它策略的基础。第二节详细介绍了归化和异化策略。包括他们的含义、发展历程、争议和对策等。归化翻译指的是一种以目的语为归宿的翻译，即采用目的语文化所认可的表达方式和语言规范，使译文流畅、通顺，以更适合目的语读者。异化翻译是以源语文化为归宿的翻译，即努力做到尽可能地保持原作的风味，使源语文化的异国情调得以存续，为了使目的语读者能够领略到“原汁原味”的异域而不惜采用不符合目的语的语言规范。归化翻译可以追溯至17世纪的英国，19世纪初，异化的翻译在德国兴起。异化与归化之争自翻译活动出现就一直存在，包括定义之争、态度之争、方法或策略之争和价值之争等。异化与归化，说到底也是一对矛盾的两个方面，它们之间不仅是对立的，而且还应该是统一的，因此，要处理好这两者之间的关系，关键还是要用讲辨证的观点。在翻译实践上，我们应有意识地结合实践思考和把握好归化和异化这两个方法论原则。第三章是对影视翻译的总体介绍,由三小节组成。第一节介绍了影视作品的特点。它包括大众文化娱乐产品属性、综合艺术产品属性、影视作品的文学属性、时代性、社会性及跨文化传播属性。第二节介绍了影视语言的特点。从事影视翻译工作多年的钱绍昌先生在《影视翻译—翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领域》一文中，将影视语言特性总结为聆听性、综合性、瞬间性、通俗性、无注性等五种。这是目前影视翻译研究领域对影视语言特点的权威性阐释。第三节是对字幕翻译的具体论述，包括其定义、分类及特点。顾名思义，影视字幕就是屏幕上的文字显示，以使观众能够更好地理解其故事情节。影视字幕的翻译根据不同的划分标准，可以划分为不同的类型。有开放性字幕和隐藏性字幕、语内字幕和语际字幕等之分。从形式上和内容上影视字幕具有不同的特点。第四章是对影视案例的具体分析。本章中笔者选取了两部有代表性的影视作品，分别是我国的电影《建国大业》和美国的卡通电视剧《辛普森一家》。通过实例总结归化异化策略是如何在中外影视作品的字幕翻译中准确运用的。电影《建国大业》是献给中华人民共和国成立60周年和中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议召开60周年的献礼作品。电影上映后获得巨大成功，先后获得第30届中国电影百花奖最佳故事片和第10届长春电影节金鹿奖最佳电影，电影票房4.3亿成为中国第一名。自1989年12月17日的首次播出开始，《辛普森一家》已播出了21季，共458集。作为一部电视剧制播以来，《辛普森一家》赢取了大量的奖项；其中包括25次艾美奖、26次安妮奖和1次皮博迪奖。同时，这两部作品精湛的字幕翻译也让中外观众更加清晰地了解了中国和外国的国情，这为中国和外国文化的对外宣传也起到了一定的推动作用。最后是结论部分。从以上的论述和分析中作者建议在影视字幕翻译中最佳的方式是恰当的把归化和异化策略相结合。这两个策略彼此不冲突并且共存互补。同时，影视翻译需要有影响的专家学者和译者建立一套完整的理论支持和体系框架，并需要同文学作品一样给予同样的关注。
[Abstract]:In China's opening up and social economic development today, the film works as the carrier and the media culture, has more abundant cultural connotation and cross-cultural communication mission. Dubbed and dissemination of film and television works not only to strengthen the understanding between countries and exchange plays an important role in the social life of ordinary people the values and influence more and more.
Domestication and foreignization (domestication) (foreignization) is the two translation strategies of the title. In accordance with Schuttleworth and Cowie prepared by the Dictionary of definition of Translation Studies, the former refers to the translator with a transparent, smooth style as far as possible to reduce the target language reader disacquaintance to foreign texts. Foreignization refers to a translation strategy; deliberately breaks target specification and retain the original characteristics of some foreign language translation strategies. In order to deal with the relationship between the source language culture and target culture, the translator in the process often need to choose in the two basic translation strategies.
Based on the analysis of Chinese and foreign TV drama is how to use the two translation strategies to interpret and discuss the subtitle translation. The translation process through concrete analysis of film and television works, the author draws a conclusion that in order to fulfill the specific translation purpose in subtitle translation should be based on the author's intention, the purpose of translation, text type and reader factors the combination of domestication and foreignization use.
Methods in this research using a combination of qualitative and quantitative, in the description of the phenomenon of film translation in the course of analysis, or select the appropriate examples to explain. Examples are selected after careful consideration and screening, has a strong representation, avoid subjective and personal perceptualdiscussion. Examples in this study. As I watch the screen according to the Chinese or English subtitles and truthfully record, without personal changes, the selected works are from the official agency officially issued or broadcast dubbing works. This study focuses on the dialectical analysis and thought of the collected data, so the conclusion than alone some examples of perceptual extraction is more persuasive.
In addition to the introduction and the conclusion part, this article is divided into four parts.
The first chapter is the literature review. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the translation of film research in foreign countries, achievements and representatives. Western scholars started earlier, both in the breadth and depth of research, there are some scholars in our country think and learn from experience. Second section discusses the research situation and achievements in film translation in China. Film translation studies started late in our country. The level of film translation theory research is relatively low, almost do not have their own theoretical system, mainly to grope in practice. The third section introduces our country a few scholars engaged in the study of film translation theory the more successful. Shaochang money including the Shanghai International Studies University Professor, Communication University of China Professor Ma Zhengqi, East China Normal University professor Zhang Chunbai, Professor Li Yunxing of Tianjin University and CCTV International Department of information Deep edited Zhao Chunmei and so on.
The second chapter is the theory part is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the basic strategies of film translation. Translation studies show that the basic methods of translation is nothing more than the literal translation and free translation, the basic method of film translation is no exception. The basic film translation strategy is not a free isolation strategy in other film translation strategies the relationship between it and other strategies. The translation of film is very close. Exactly speaking, the basic film translation strategy is the foundation of other film translation strategies. The second section introduces domestication and foreignization. They include the meaning, development, controversy and countermeasures. Domestication refers to a target for the purpose of translation, expression and the language code which uses the target culture recognition, make it smooth, smooth, which is more suitable for the target readers. Foreignization is source language culture oriented translation Translation, that is try to keep the original flavor as much as possible, so that the foreignness of the source language culture can survive, in order to make the readers can enjoy authentic exotic and even use the language specification does not conform to the target. Domestication can be traced back to Britain in seventeenth Century, early nineteenth Century, foreignization in the rise of Germany. Domestication and foreignization from translation activities appeared. It has always been there, including the definition of the dispute, the attitude of the dispute, methods or strategies of the dispute and the value of the dispute. Foreignization and domestication, it is also one of the two aspects of the contradiction between them, not only is the opposite, but also should be unified. Therefore, to deal with the relationship between the two, the key is to speak a dialectical viewpoint. In translation practice, we should consciously practice thinking and grasp the domestication and Foreignization of these two methodological principles.
The third chapter is the general introduction of film translation, is composed of three sections. The first section introduces the characteristics of film and television works. It includes mass culture and entertainment integrated art product attributes, product attributes, attributes of literature, film and television works of the times, social and intercultural communication attributes. The second section introduces the characteristics of film language activities. Film translation work for many years and Mr. Qian Shaochang in "film translation and more important in the translation field" in this paper, the characteristics of film language summary for listening, comprehensive, instant, popular, free of note five. This is the current film translation research field of film language features authority interpretation. The third section is about studies on subtitle translation, including its definition, classification and features. As the name implies, subtitle is words on a screen display, so that the audience can better understand the film story. Subtitle translation can be divided into different types according to different criteria. There are subtitles of open captions, hidden subtitles, subtitles and Interlanguage subtitles. There are different characteristics in form and content.
The fourth chapter is about the analysis of two cases. In this chapter the author chooses two representative works, which is China's film "Founding of the American cartoon television series" and "the Simpson family. By summarizing the examples how domestication and foreignization are in subtitle translation of Chinese and foreign film and television works accurately the use of film" Founding > is dedicated to the People's Republic of China set up the first plenary session of the 60th anniversary people's Political Consultative Conference and Chinese held 60th anniversary tribute to the work. After the release of the film was a great success, has won the thirtieth National Film Award for best feature film China flowers and tenth Changchun Film Festival Golden Deer award best film, film 430 million become China first broadcast for the first time since December 17, 1989 began, Simpson < a > has been broadcast in the 21 quarter, a total of 458 episodes. As a TV broadcast since Simpson < a > Won a lot of awards; including 25 Emmy Awards, 26 Anne prize and the Peabody prize for 1 times. At the same time, these two works of exquisite subtitle translation also let Chinese and foreign audiences more clearly understand the China and foreign country, this is Chinese and foreign culture publicity also played a promotion role.
The last part is the conclusion. From the above analysis, the author suggests that in subtitle translation is the best way to properly combine the domestication and foreignization. These two strategies are not in conflict and coexistence. At the same time, film translation needs the experts of the translator and the establishment of a complete set of theoretical support and the system framework, as well as literary works and the need to give the same attention.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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