汉语转折范畴的历时研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 21:15

本文选题：转折范畴　切入点：空间范畴　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,范畴研究已经成为汉语语法研究的热点问题之一。转折范畴是一种语义关系范畴,学界对具有转折关联作用的副词、转折连词及转折复句等方面较为关注,但目前尚未见到从范畴角度对其进行整体研究的论著。在这种背景下,本文试图从历时的角度尽可能地收录能够连接转折关系句的关联标记,进而在原型范畴理论的指导下,根据其源词的特征,建立起一个相对丰富的转折范畴系统。本文共分九章。第一章是绪论部分,主要围绕转折范畴的基本内涵、转折范畴研究的意义、相关研究现状及尚存的问题、本文的研究范围、采用的研究方法、语料选择等六个方面展开。第二章根据汉语史的分期,分别对上古、中古、近代三个时期出现的转折关联标记进行描写。从整体上考察汉语史上转折关联标记的产生、使用及兴亡更替情况,从而为后文深入研究奠定基础。第三章至第七章讨论转折范畴的来源问题,本文从转折范畴的来源角度进行分类,依据源范畴的语义特征,探讨不同的源范畴向转折范畴转化的时间、过程、动因和机制等问题。第三章讨论来源于空间范畴的转折范畴,本文依据转折的内涵,认为空间转折范畴是转折的原型范畴。本章将空间转折范畴分为“前后返回”、“上下翻转”、“原地回望”三类,并分别对其中的典型个案进行研究,着重探讨了“返”、“转”、“反”、“倒”、“顾”等在汉语史上历经空间转折范畴到关系转折的历时演变过程,演变的动因和机制等问题。不仅关注单个成员的语法化,而且对同类词演变过程中的共相和殊相进行探讨。第四章讨论来源于心理行为范畴的转折范畴,转折句前后语义表达不一致,通常表现为否定结构等形式。汉语史上部分心理行为动词在与否定词“不”或疑问词“孰”、“谁”、“怎”、“那(哪)"、“岂”等结合后均发展出关联用法。本章通过对“不料"、“不图”“不想”、“谁知道”、“怎想”、“那(哪)晓得”等个案历时演变过程的考察,归纳出其演变的共性,并解释心理行为范畴与转折范畴之间的关系。第五章讨论来源于限定范畴的转折范畴。首先讨论限定范围副词的转折关联功能,从中可以看出两个范畴之间的密切关系,继而以个案考察的形式讨论“但"、“只是”、“不过”、“就是”等从限定范畴进入转折范畴的时间、过程及演化的动因、机制等问题。第六章讨论来源于主观确认范畴的转折范畴,主要以“其实"为例讨论其历史演变过程和转折关联功能形成的原因。第七章讨论来源于顺承关联词的转折范畴,通过对“然”、“便”等个案的考察,发现古汉语中很多顺承关联词兼有转折连词功能,这也揭示了转折与顺承之间具有非常紧密的语义关系。第八章为转折范畴跨语言考察,通过对汉语及世界其他语言中转折关联词的考察,着重揭示与转折关联词相关的具有共性的演变路径,以佐证本文的观点。第九章是结语部分。总结与汉语转折范畴相关的演变路径,转折范畴产生的动因和机制等问题,对本文研究所得和有待继续研究的课题进行总结。
[Abstract]:In recent years, research has become one of the hot issues in the study of Chinese grammar. Turning category is a semantic category, circles on a turning of the correlation function of adverbs, conjunctions and pays more attention to turning complexsentence etc., but has yet to see the overall research on it from the angle of the category of works. In this context, this article attempts from the diachronic point of view as much as possible to connect the included markers associated with turning sentence, and then in the prototype category theory, according to the characteristics of the source words, to establish a relatively rich turning category system.
This article is divided into nine chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. It mainly focuses on the following six aspects: the basic connotation of the transitional category, the significance of the study of the transitional category, the related research status and the remaining problems, the research scope, the research methods and corpus selection.
The second chapter according to the stage of Chinese history, of ancient, medieval, modern transitional mark appears three times are described. The influences of adversative marker produced in Chinese history as a whole, and the rise and fall of turnover, so as to further study lay the foundation for the later.
From the third chapter to the seventh chapter, we discuss the source of transition category. This paper classifies from the source category of transition category, and explores the time, process, motivation and mechanism of transformation from different source categories to transitional categories based on the semantic features of source categories.
The third chapter discusses the turning from category space category, on the basis of turning the connotation of space turning category is the prototype of transition. This chapter will turn the space category is divided into before and after "return", "upside down", "standing back three, and studied the typical example, emphatically discussion on the" back "," turn "," anti "," Dao "," Gu "in Chinese history after turning into the category of relationship lasted space turning point in the evolution process, the evolution of reason and mechanism. Not only pay attention to individual members of the grammaticalization of similar words and universals in the process of evolution particulars are discussed.
The fourth chapter discusses the turning from psychological and behavioral category category, turning sentence before and after the semantic expression is not the same, usually negative structure. The history of Chinese psychological verbs on the behavior and negative word "no" or "or" interrogative "who", "what", "that (which)". "It" was developed with associated usage. This chapter of the "unexpectedly", "no" map "," who do not want to "know", "how to think", "the study (which) know" case diachronic evolution, summarizes its evolution characteristics, and explain the relationship between the category and the category of psychological turning behavior.
The fifth chapter discusses the scope of limited range from turning. Firstly, adversative adverbs function, can be seen from the close relationship between the two areas, and then to discuss the form of "case study", but "just", "but", "is" from the limited range into the turning time category motivation, process and evolution mechanism, and other issues.
The sixth chapter discusses the turning category derived from the category of subjective confirmation, mainly taking "actually" as an example to discuss the process of its historical evolution and the causes of the formation of the turning related functions.
The seventh chapter discusses the category of turning from continues conjunction, through the "ran", "investigation" in such cases, found in ancient Chinese, many sequence related words both conjunctions, it also reveals the turning point and the semantic relationship between is very close.
The eighth chapter is a cross language study of the transitional category. Through the investigation of transitional Related words in Chinese and other languages in the world, we highlight the common evolution paths related to transitional Related words, in order to corroborate this view.
The ninth chapter is the concluding part. It summarizes the evolution path related to Chinese turning categories, the motivation and mechanism of turning categories, and summarizes the research findings and issues to be further studied.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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