与代词“并入”相关的双音词的词汇化与语法化

发布时间：2018-03-23 21:42

本文选题：代词并入　切入点：词汇化　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以代词并入的方式形成的一类双音词为研究对象，主要是指示代词并入后形成的双音词，同时也涉及到虚化的人称代词并入后形成的双音词。文章从语言事实出发，并结合词汇化与语法化理论，从并入的时间、并入的方式以及并入的结果这三个方面深入探讨以代词并入方式形成的双音词的演变过程。代词并入后主要形成的是副词和连词，这些双音副词和连词的演变机制和动因也是本文研究的重点。通过对这类双音词演变过程的描写，以期揭示汉语代词并入的特点和规律。全文共分五章。第一章绪论。这一部分说明了研究对象，阐述了选题意义以及研究的理论依据，介绍并总结了目前的研究现状，明确了研究思路和研究方法，并对研究语料作了说明。第二章主要从代词并入的时间这一视角来探寻代词并入的情况。代词并入的时间可分为上古时期、中古时期和近代时期。上古时期能够并入的代词非常少，主要是指示代词“是”，“是”并入后形成的双音词“于是”。通过代词并入的方式形成的双音词绝大多数是在中古时期和近代时期产生的。并入时间为中古时期的用例我们以“既然”的成词加以说明，并入时间为近代时期的用例我们以“诚然”的成词加以说明。第三章主要从代词并入的方式和并入后的内部结构关系这两个侧面对代词并入现象进行研究，具体而言就是从位置和内部结构关系两个方面着手。并入的位置可分为前置和后置两种，以后置为主，我们分别用“然后”和“因此”的成词加以说明。从内部结构关系上看，可分为句法结构关系和非句法结构关系。代词以后置的方式并入形成的双音词，一般都是句法结构词汇化而来的。这类双音词内部结构关系可以分为两类：动宾结构关系和偏正结构关系。而以前置的方式并入形成的双音词其内部关系大多数是非句法结构关系。这一章节我们分别以“加之”、“其实”和“然而”的成词来说明位置和句法结构之间的关系。第四章主要探讨代词并入后所产生的句法结果，，主要包括两个方面的内容：一方面是代词并入后其本身的变化，即某个代词并入后，由于指代功能的虚化和表达功能的弱化而逐渐虚化为一个词缀。根据考察，能够虚化为词缀的代词主要有“然”和“其”。另一方面是代词并入后整个结构句法功能的变化，主要有三个层次：副词化、连词化和标记化。代词并入后形成的主要是连词和副词，以连词为主，其次是副词。文章分别以连词“否则”的成词、副词“尤其”的成词以及话语标记“管他”的成词加以说明。第五章概括总结。在二至四章具体个案分析的基础上，不仅较为全面了解了汉语代词并入现象，并总结出汉语代词并入的特点和规律，还探讨了以代词并入的方式形成的双音词的成词动因和机制。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on a class of disyllabic words formed by the incorporation of pronouns, mainly the disyllabic words formed by the incorporation of demonstrative pronouns, and the disyllabic words formed by the incorporation of notional personal pronouns. Combined with the theory of lexicalization and grammaticalization, the evolution process of dicyllabic words formed by pronoun incorporation is discussed in depth from three aspects: the time of incorporation, the mode of incorporation and the result of incorporation. After pronoun incorporation, adverbs and conjunctions are mainly formed. The evolution mechanism and motivation of these disyllabic adverbs and conjunctions are also the focus of this paper. By describing the evolution process of these disyllabic words, we hope to reveal the characteristics and rules of Chinese pronoun incorporation. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is introduction. This part explains the research object, expounds the significance of the topic and the theoretical basis of the research, introduces and summarizes the current research situation, clarifies the research ideas and research methods, and explains the research corpus. The second chapter mainly explores the situation of pronoun incorporation from the perspective of the time of pronoun incorporation. The time of pronoun incorporation can be divided into the ancient period, the middle ancient period and the modern period. The majority of dicyllabic words formed by the way of pronoun incorporation are produced in the middle and modern times. The time of incorporation is the use of the middle ancient period. Let's use the word "since" to illustrate, The incorporation of time as a use case of modern times is illustrated by the word "admittedly". The third chapter mainly studies the phenomenon of pronoun amalgamation from two aspects: the way of pronoun incorporation and the relationship between the internal structure of pronoun incorporation. Specifically speaking, it starts from the two aspects of position and internal structural relationship. The merged position can be divided into two types: preposition and postposition. We use the words "then" and "so" to explain them respectively. From the perspective of internal structural relationship, It can be divided into syntactic structure relation and non-syntactic structure relation. This kind of disyllabic words can be divided into two types: verb-object structure relation and biased structural relation. In this chapter, the relation between position and syntactic structure is explained by the words of "plus", "actually" and "however". Chapter four mainly discusses the syntactic result of pronoun merging, which includes two aspects: on the one hand, the change of pronoun itself after the pronoun merging, that is, after a pronoun is merged. Due to the deficiency of the anaphoric function and the weakening of the expressive function, it gradually becomes an affix. According to the investigation, the pronouns that can be rendered to the affix are mainly "ran" and "its". On the other hand, the syntactic function of the whole structure is changed after the pronoun is merged. There are mainly three levels: adverb, conjunctivization and tagging. After the pronoun is merged, the conjunctions and adverbs are formed, mainly conjunctions and adverbs, followed by adverbs. The words of adverb "especially" and the words of discourse marker "ignore" are explained. On the basis of specific case studies in chapters two to four, the author not only fully understands the phenomenon of Chinese pronoun incorporation, but also summarizes the characteristics and rules of Chinese pronoun incorporation. This paper also discusses the motivation and mechanism of the formation of dicyllabic words by the way of pronoun incorporation.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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