从《文选柱》与《说文段注》看训诂术语“犹”的用法

发布时间：2018-03-24 14:00

本文选题：《说文解字注》　切入点：《文选注》　出处：《吉首大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：术语是学科中的专门用语，每一个术语都有严格规定的意义，它的形成和精密的程度反映着一门学科发展的水平。训诂术语作为传统训诂学的专门用语，显示出历代训诂学家在从事训诂实践时的科学态度，也是训诂学科学体系逐步完善的标志之一。先秦是训诂学的萌芽时期，两汉是训诂学的形成时期，魏晋至隋唐是训诂学的发展时期，清代是训诂学的鼎盛时期。对先秦至清代的训诂术语进行历时演变研究能真实地再现训诂学家的学术实践。因此，我们以训诂术语“犹”作为代表，探究“犹”在历时演变中的不同用法。李善《文选注》以丰富的学识与宏博的征引开创了大规模的集部注释之先河，李注的引文时代从先秦到唐代不等，段玉裁的《说文解字注》也征引了从先秦至清代众多训诂大家的注释，因此我们以《文选注》和《说文解字注》为对象，试图窥探训诂术语“犹”的历时演变过程以及它在训诂历史上的真实面貌。本文分四部分进行论述，第一部分介绍本文的研究对象和研究方法及训诂术语的研究现状；第二部分介绍《文选注》“犹”的用法，这部分分别介绍李善自注“犹”的用法和李善他注“犹”的用法；第三部分介绍《说文解字注》“犹”的用法，分别介绍段玉裁自注“犹”的用法和段玉裁他注“犹”的用法；第四部分别介绍《文选注》和《说文解字注》“犹”的用法比较、“犹”的内涵界定及训诂术语的规范。段玉裁认为训诂术语“犹”的基本用法是“义隔而通之”，综合散见的《说文解字注》的相关注释，段玉裁的“义隔而通之”包含以下八种情况：1.以原因释结果；2.以结果释原因；3.以相关联的动作行为相释；4.以近义词为释；5．以引申义为释；6.以临时义为释；7.推求本字（以本字之义释借字、以本字释借字）；8.以今语释古语（以同义词为释的一个小类）。我们在全面考察了《文选注》和《说文解字注》中“犹”的用法之后，发现段玉裁对“犹”的界定同古注、段玉裁自注中“犹”的用法并不一致，古注和段玉裁自注中“犹”出现了以同义词为释和以连绵词的不同书写形式为释的用法，段玉裁自注中还出现了以异体字为释的用法，因而“犹”的用法并非只限于“义隔而通之”。在训诂史上训诂术语“犹”的用法和其他术语一样存在着不单一的问题，因此我们以“犹”为切入点对训诂术语规范化问题进行了讨论。
[Abstract]:The term is a special term in a discipline, and each term has a strictly defined meaning. Its formation and precision reflect the level of development of a discipline. It shows that the scientific attitude of exegetics in the past dynasties is also one of the signs of the gradual improvement of the scientific system of exegetics. The pre-Qin Dynasty is the embryonic period of exegetics, and the Han Dynasty is the forming period of exegetics. The period from Wei, Jin to Sui and Tang dynasties is the development period of exegetics, and the Qing Dynasty is the heyday of exegetics. A study on the diachronic evolution of exegesis terms from pre-Qin to Qing dynasties can truly reproduce the academic practice of exegetics. We take the exegesis term "Yu" as the representative to explore the different usage of "Juyu" in the diachronic evolution. The citation times of Li's notes range from pre-Qin to Tang Dynasty. Duan Yu-cai 's "Shuowen Jie Zi Notes" also cited many exegesis notes from pre-Qin to Qing dynasties. Therefore, we take the Notes of selected works of Literary works and the Notes of Shuowen Jie characters as the objects. This paper attempts to probe into the diachronic evolution of the exegesis term "Jude" and its true appearance in the history of exegesis. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the research object, the research method and the present situation of the exegesis terminology, the second part introduces the usage of "Jude", This part introduces the usage of Li Shan's self-annotation "Juyu" and Li's "Juyu" respectively, the third part introduces the usage of "Juyu", the usage of Duan Yu-cai 's annotation "Juyu" and the usage of Duan Yu-cai 's Note "Jude". The fourth part introduces the usage comparison of "Jude", the definition of the connotation of "Jude" and the standard of exegesis terms. Duan Yuzai believes that the basic usage of the exegesis term "Jude" is "the meaning is separated from the meaning". Duan Yu-cai 's "meaning separated and connected" contains the following eight situations: 1.interpretation of the result by reason 2.interpretation of the reason by the result 3.interpretation of the action by the related behavior. 5. using the synonym as the explanation. 6. using the temporary meaning as the explanation 7. The word "borrowing" with the meaning of the word, Using this word to interpret the ancient language (a subclass of synonyms). After a comprehensive investigation of the usage of "Juyu" in the Notes on selected works of Literary works and the Notes of Shuowen Jie characters, we find that Duan Yu-cai 's definition of "Yu" is the same as that of the ancient ones. The usage of "Yu" in Duan Yu-xiao 's self-annotation is not consistent. In the ancient notes and Duan Yu-cai 's notes, "Jude" has been used to interpret synonyms and different writing forms of continuous words, and Duan Yu-xiao 's self-annotation has also appeared the use of heteromorphic characters. Therefore, the use of "Jude" is not limited to "meaning separated". In the history of exegesis, there are many problems in the use of the term "Jude" as in other terms. Therefore, we discuss the standardization of exegesis terms from the point of view of Jude.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H131

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