现代汉语名量词语义分析及认知阐释

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:23

本文选题：名量词　切入点：认知　出处：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：量词是汉藏语系中的特殊词类之一，丰富生动的量词体现了汉名族认知和表达世界的方式。名量词在汉语量词系统出现最早，构成量词的主体，是本文研究的对象。本文旨在对现代汉语名量词进行系统的语义分析和认知阐释。本文突破传统的基于经典范畴理论的量词定义和划分模式，论证了量词系统各类间的连续性。基于原型范畴理论，发现在前人研究中具有争议的量词次范畴均属于以个体量词为原型的量词范畴边缘成员。量词系统是一个开放连续词类，家族相似性贯穿于名量词各小类。Haiman提出的距离相似原则和戴浩一提出的距离叠加原则被用来揭示量词各小类间句法分布特点。满纳量词所产生的满纳含义是量词和名词唤起的意象与人们实际生活经验冲突的结果。文章分析了量名搭配的量名语义关系，认为量名之间存在同一性，并将其分为相似关系和相关关系两大类。概念隐喻和概念转喻是促成量名搭配的认知机制。名量词具有“凸显”名词认知视角的功能。 Lakoff提出的范畴扩展动因理论为本文分析量词范畴扩展提供了理论基础。在对个案进行分析的基础上，文章论证了量词范畴扩展的动因主要包括概念隐喻，概念转喻，意象图示和规约意象，其扩展的路线遵循由母体名词到相似名词，由实物名词到轨迹名词，，由包含空间概念名词到包含时间概念名词，由普通名词到抽象名词的顺序。通常被认为超常搭配的量词短语同样具有理据性，属于量词扩展的边缘成员。本文从语义和认知的角度解决了量词研究中留下的一些问题，丰富了量词系统研究和范畴研究，也有助于量词习得和教学。
[Abstract]:Classifier is one of the special parts of speech in the Chinese and Tibetan languages. The rich and vivid classifiers embody the way of cognition and expression of the world of the Han nationality. The nominal-classifier is the earliest appeared in the Chinese classifier system, and it constitutes the main body of the classifier. The purpose of this paper is to make a systematic semantic analysis and cognitive interpretation of Noun quantifiers in modern Chinese. This paper breaks through the traditional classifier definition and division model based on classical category theory, and proves the continuity of classifier system. It is found that the sub-categories of quantifiers, which are controversial in previous studies, belong to the edge members of the category of classifiers based on individual quantifiers. The quantifier system is an open and continuous category of parts of speech. Family similarity runs through the distance similarity principle proposed by Haiman and the distance superposition principle put forward by Dai Haoyi, which is used to reveal the syntactic distribution characteristics among subcategories of classifiers. And noun evokes images and people's actual life experience conflict results. This paper analyzes the semantic relationship of quantification and name collocation, and holds that there is identity between quantifiers. Conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy are the cognitive mechanisms that contribute to the collocation of quantifiers and nomenclature quantifiers have the function of "highlighting" the cognitive perspective of nouns. The theory of category extension motivation put forward by Lakoff provides a theoretical basis for this paper to analyze the category expansion of classifiers. On the basis of case study, this paper demonstrates that the motivation of category expansion of classifiers mainly includes conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. Image schematics and stereotypical images are extended from parent nouns to similar nouns, from physical nouns to locus nouns, from concepts of space to concepts of time. The order from common nouns to abstract nouns. Quantifier phrases, which are generally considered to be supernormal collocations, are also motivated and belong to marginal members of quantifier extension. From the perspective of semantics and cognition, this paper solves some problems left behind in the study of classifiers, enriches the study of quantifier systems and categories, and also contributes to the acquisition and teaching of classifiers.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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