北京话连词史（1750-1950）

发布时间：2018-03-31 23:13

本文选题：北京话　切入点：连词　出处：《苏州大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：连词的研究一直是近代汉语虚词研究的薄弱环节，直至2010年，第一部研究近代汉语连词的专著《近代汉语连词》才出版问世。 1750至1950间连词历时嬗变情况更是无人涉及，本文拟探索出北京话连词在1750至1950两百年间的历时嬗变情况，构建这一历史时期的北京话连词发展史，从而找出语言发展演变的一般性规律，进而为汉语史研究做出贡献。具体来说，本文试图回答这样的问题：北京话连词在1750至1950年间的面貌是什么样的。北京话连词在这两百年中随着时间的推移是怎么发展演变的。北京话连词在这两百年的发展演变中呈现出什么规律。本文主要以《红楼梦》（前80回）、《儿女英雄传》、《正红旗下》为研究语料，对这段历史时期的连词进行共时的描写和历时的解释。从共时和历时，微观和宏观的角度对这段时期的连词进行多方面的考察和分析，揭示了连词在这两百年间的功能特点和历时嬗变规律。本文采取定性与定量相结合的研究方法，一个历史阶段选取一部书做定量统计。18世纪中期选取《红楼梦》（前80回），19世纪中期选取《儿女英雄传》，20世纪中期选取《正红旗下》。这三部书写作年代比较明确，且都用北京口语写成，都被认为是北京话的绝好教材。我们对这三部书中的连词作详细全面的统计，可了解每一个时期的连词面貌，并在此基础上可以看出连词的历时嬗变情况。由于《正红旗下》的篇幅较少，，我们选取同时代的口语程度高的《茶馆》、《龙须沟》作辅助语料，可使我们更好地了解20世纪中叶北京话的面貌。文章除绪论和结语外，共分为十一章：第一章为“北京话连词史研究综述”，共分三节，分别对连词的定义，北京话连词的界定以及分类、分布等问题进行讨论。从第二章到第十一章分别对北京话（1750-1950）的并列连词、递进连词、承接连词、选择连词、假设连词、让步连词、因果连词、转折连词、条件连词、目的连词等十类连词的历时嬗变情况进行探讨。北京话连词在十八世纪中叶至二十世纪中叶的200年间，无论是表示的语义关系、连接能力还是句法限制等都发生了一系列的变化，意义和用法此消彼长、不断演化，同义连词较多。连词功能总体上呈现出“抛物线”形的发展轨迹，即先由《红楼梦》时期的单一化逐步向《儿女英雄传》时期的复杂多样化转变，然后再转变为《正红旗下》时期的相对单一化。即《红楼梦》时期的连词成员虽然较多，但相对《儿女英雄传》时期用法相对单一，发展至《儿女英雄传》时期，连词成员继续增加，用法更为复杂，发展至《正红旗下》时期，连词成员比前两个时期都有所减少，且各词基本上都有了相对比较明确分工，分布上呈现互补趋势，这应该是语言的经济原则和不断规范化共同作用所产生的结果。
[Abstract]:The study of conjunctions has always been a weak link in the study of modern Chinese function words. Until 2010, the first monograph on modern Chinese conjunctions, Modern Chinese conjunctions, was published. No one is involved in the diachronic transmutation between 1750 and 1950 conjunctions. This paper intends to explore the diachronic transmutation of conjunctions in Beijing dialect from 1750 to 1950, and to construct the history of conjunctions in Beijing dialect during this historical period. In order to find out the general rules of language development and evolution, and thus contribute to the study of Chinese history. Specifically, this paper attempts to answer such questions:. What was the appearance of Beijing dialect conjunctions between 1750 and 1950? Beijing dialect conjunctions in these two hundred years with the passage of time is how the development of evolution. Beijing dialect conjunctions in these two hundred years of development in the evolution of what the law. This paper mainly takes A Dream of Red Mansions (the first 80 chapters, the Story of the heroism of Children) and the Red Flag under the Red Flag as the research materials to describe and explain the conjunctions of this historical period in synchronic and diachronic terms. From the micro and macro perspectives, the author investigates and analyzes the conjunctions in this period in many aspects, and reveals the functional characteristics and diachronic changes of conjunctions in these two hundred years. In this paper, qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted. Take a book for quantitative statistics in a historical stage. Select A Dream of Red Mansions in the mid-18th century. (the first 80 chapters and the middle of the 19th century selected "Children's heroic Biography" and "the Red Flag under the Red Flag" in the middle of the 20th century.) these three books are written in a rather clear age. They are all written in Beijing spoken language, and are considered to be excellent textbooks for Beijing dialect. We have made detailed and comprehensive statistics on the conjunctions in these three books, and we can understand the appearance of conjunctions in each period. On the basis of this, we can see the diachronic transmutation of conjunctions. As the length of "under the Red Flag" is less, we choose Teahouse and Longxugou, which have high oral level in the same era, as auxiliary corpus. So that we can better understand the face of Beijing dialect in the middle of the 20 th century. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into 11 chapters: the first chapter is "Overview of the history of conjunctions in Beijing dialect", which is divided into three sections: the definition of conjunctions, the definition and classification of conjunctions in Beijing dialect. From the second to the eleventh chapters, we discuss the parallel conjunctions, progressive conjunctions, accepting conjunctions, selecting conjunctions, hypothetical conjunctions, concession conjunctions, causal conjunctions, turning conjunctions, conditional conjunctions, and so on. Objective to explore the diachronic evolution of ten conjunctions such as conjunctions. In the 200 years from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 20th century, the conjunctions of Beijing dialect have undergone a series of changes, such as semantic relations, connective ability and syntactic restrictions. Synonymous conjunctions have more synonyms. On the whole, the functions of conjunctions show the development track of parabola, that is, from the simplification of the period of "Dream of Red Mansions" to the complicated diversification of the period of "Children's heroism". Then it changed to the relative singleness of the period of "True Red Flag". That is, although there were more conjunctions in the period of "Dream of Red Mansions", the usage of the period was relatively simple, and it developed to the period of "heroic Biography of Children". The number of conjunctions continues to increase and the usage is more complicated. In the period of "under the Red Flag", the members of conjunctions have decreased compared with the previous two periods, and each word basically has a relatively clear division of labor, and the distribution shows a trend of complementarity. This should be the result of the economic principles of language and continuous standardization.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H172.1

【相似文献】