汉语“有”的焦点标记功能

发布时间：2018-04-01 19:37

本文选题：有　切入点：焦点标记　出处：《渤海大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语中，“有”既可以表示比较实在的意义，作句子的谓语或谓语中心，也可以表示较虚的意义，不作句子的谓语或谓语中心。而且，在一些“有”字句中，，“有”不具有实在的意义，不充当句法成分，其中的“有”只起到语用上的突出、强调作用。根据焦点标记理论，“有”在这些句子中起到焦点标记的作用。 “述结+有+数量成分”中的“有”为体词性成分的焦点标记。“有”标记的体词性成分属于对比焦点。焦点标记“有”标记数量成分时，“述结+有+数量成分”句式具有明显的主观大量义。“述结+有+数量成分”句的数量成分、述语、补语、主语、状语等需满足主观大量义的语义要求。 “有+VP”句中的“有”为谓词性成分的焦点标记。“有”标记的谓词性成分属于自然焦点。“有+VP”句在古代汉语中早已有之，虽然在普通话中消失了，但在南方方言中被保留下来，且“有”作焦点标记基本不受限制。近些年在方言等因素的影响下，普通话中“有+VP”句被越来越多的人所接受，成为一种重新被激活的句式，但“有”作焦点标记受到一定程度的限制。古代汉语和方言中，“有”可以自由地标记述语，在普通话中不自由，“有”还可以标记宾语但受限制。“是”是汉语中比较典型的焦点标记，“是”可以标记述语前面的主语和状语等成分，比较自由，但一般不能标记述语。因此，在汉语中，焦点标记“有”和“是”具有一定的互补性。
[Abstract]:In Chinese, "you" can be used not only as the predicate or center of the sentence, but also as the predicate or the center of the predicate, and not as the predicate or the center of the predicate. In some "you" sentences, "you" has no real meaning and does not act as a syntactic component, in which "you" only plays a pragmatic and important role. According to the focus marker theory, "you" plays the role of focus marker in these sentences. The "you" in the "Node with quantitative components" is the focal mark of the body part of speech. The "body part of speech with" marker belongs to the contrastive focus. When the focus Mark "has" the quantitative component, "the Node has a quantitative component" The sentence structure has a lot of subjective meanings. Predicate, complement, subject, adverbial and so on need to meet the semantic requirements of a large number of subjective meanings. The "you" in the "you VP" sentence is the focal mark of the predicate component. The predicate element with the "you" marker belongs to the natural focus. "you VP" sentence has long been found in ancient Chinese, although it has disappeared in Mandarin. In recent years, under the influence of dialect and other factors, the "YouVP" sentence in Mandarin has been accepted by more and more people and become a kind of reactivated sentence pattern. However, there is a certain degree of restriction to use as a focus mark. In ancient Chinese and dialects, "you" can be freely described by landmarks. In Putonghua, "yes" can also mark objects but is restricted. "yes" is a typical focus mark in Chinese, "yes" can mark elements such as subject and adverbial in front of the predicate, it is more free, but it can not mark the predicate generally. In Chinese, the focus marker "you" and "is" are complementary to each other.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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