《西游记》三音词研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 14:07

本文选题：《西游记》　切入点：三音词　出处：《扬州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：成书于明代中叶,作为通俗文学的一部巨制,《西游记》中的语言接近口语,能够反映明代语言的真实面貌。本文以《西游记》中的三音词为研究对象,对三音词的语法构成、语义构成以及各类词的语法功能特征进行了全面分析。本文研究的目的：从共时角度来看,通过穷尽式地统计和全面地分析,可以更客观、完整地描写《西游记》三音词系统,从而更清晰地归纳总结出该系统的一些特点；从历时角度来看,通过历时比较的方法,主要是把它与现代汉语三音词做一个比较,以期揭示其在三音词发展史上的地位,理清三音化的规律和发展前景。本文的主要内容：绪论部分主要阐述了三音词的界定标准和方法、三音词的产生、三音词及《西游记》的研究现状,明确了本文的研究价值、研究内容和方法。第一章着眼于三音词的语法构成。总结出以下特点：结构类型多样,有加缀式、复合式(偏正型、补充型、主谓型、动宾型、联合型)、重叠式等三大类七小种类型,与现代汉语三音词基本一致。第二章讨论了三音词的语义构成,分析出语义构成的三种方式：组合式、融合式和附合式。其中组合式词语最多,占总数的61.96%,主要构成名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词。其次是附合式,占26.08%,可以构成各种词类。融合式的三音词最少,占11.96%,主要构成名词、动词和副词。第三章探讨了各类三音词的语法功能。三音词词性明确,意义稳定,一般无兼类词,但与其他词的组合能力差。三音名词一般可以在句中作主语、宾语、定语,较少作谓语。三音动词主要作谓语和状语,少量作定语,极少量作宾语和补语。三音形容词在句中可以作定语、状语、谓语和补语。三音代词可以作主语、状语、谓语和定语。三音副词都作状语。三音象声词可以作状语和定语。第四章对《西游记》三音词进行了比较研究。《西游记》三音词在词类、语法构成以及句法功能等方面都符合三音词发展的一般特征,并且具有自己的特性。词类方面,《西游记》三音词与“三言”三音词以及现代汉语三音词一样,可以构成七种词类,而且三音实词数量占绝对优势,三音虚词只有连词,且数量极少；但在各词类的数量比例方面有很大差异。语法结构方面,三者都有相同的语法结构类型,但各类型在数量上还略有差异。句法功能方面,同中有异,三音词的句法功能不断完善。
[Abstract]:Written in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, as a great popular literature, the language in Journey to the West is close to spoken language, which can reflect the true appearance of the language of the Ming Dynasty.Taking the three syllable words in Journey to the West as the research object, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the grammatical composition, semantic composition and grammatical functional characteristics of the three syllable words.The purpose of this study is: from a synchronic point of view, through exhaustive statistics and comprehensive analysis, we can more objectively and completely describe the "Journey to the West" three-syllable word system, thus more clearly summed up some characteristics of the system;From the diachronic point of view, the method of diachronic comparison is mainly to compare it with three syllable words in modern Chinese, in order to reveal its position in the history of the development of three syllable words, and to clarify the law and development prospect of three syllable words.The main contents of this paper are as follows:The introduction mainly expounds the definition standard and method of three syllable words, the generation of three syllable words, the present research situation of three syllable words and Journey to the West, and clarifies the research value, contents and methods of this paper.The first chapter focuses on the grammatical composition of three-syllable words.The following characteristics are summarized: structure type is diverse, affix type is added, compound type (bias type, supplementary type, subject-predicate type, verb-object type, combined type, reduplication type, etc.), which is basically consistent with modern Chinese three syllable words.The second chapter discusses the semantic composition of three syllable words, and analyzes the three ways of semantic formation: combination, fusion and attachment.Among them, combination words are the most, accounting for 61.96% of the total, mainly consisting of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns.The second is the adjoint form, accounting for 26.08, can constitute a variety of parts of speech.The fused three-syllable words are the least, accounting for 11.96 and mainly composed of nouns, verbs and adverbs.Chapter three discusses the grammatical functions of three-syllable words.Three-syllable words have definite part of speech and stable meaning.Three-syllable nouns can be used as subjects, objects, attributes and less predicates in sentences.Three-syllable verbs are mainly used as predicates and adverbials, a few as attributives and very few as objects and complements.Three-syllable adjectives can be used as attributives, adverbials, predicates and complements in sentences.Three-syllable pronouns can be used as subjects, adverbials, predicates and attributives.Three-syllable adverbs are adverbials.Three-syllable onomatopoeia can be used as adverbial and attributive.The fourth chapter makes a comparative study of the three syllable words in Journey to the West. The three syllable words accord with the general characteristics of the development of the three syllable words in the aspects of part of speech, grammatical composition and syntactic function, and have their own characteristics.In terms of parts of speech, the three syllable words, like the three syllable words and the three syllable words in modern Chinese, can form seven kinds of parts of speech, and the number of three syllable notional words is the absolute dominant, and the three syllable function words have only conjunctions, and the quantity is very small.However, there are great differences in the proportion of the number of parts of speech.In terms of grammatical structure, all three have the same grammatical structure type, but each type has a little difference in quantity.In syntactic function, the syntactic function of three-syllable words is improved.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】