新世纪华语圈新词变异研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 14:52

本文选题：华语圈　切入点：新词　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：新词是词汇系统中最活跃的部分，它集中反映了某个具体时期、某个具体地域范围内为人们所认可的新事物和新观念。论文将2000年以后产生的华语圈新词作为研究对象，以涵盖大陆、香港、台湾、新加坡等地的华语圈整体为出发点，对新词特点及变异情况展开研究。围绕华语圈新词的来源、造词手法、内部构词特色、新词发展的新趋向、新词的规范化等问题展开分析，力求能深化对华语圈新词的研究，推动华语圈各地对新词所呈现的新面貌的研讨。本文列举的新词实例，主要来源于2000年之后出版的新词词典以及部分网络和报刊上的新词，有时为了说明新词的发展演变情况，会上溯到20世纪80年代。论文共分为六部分：第一章绪论,在某一共时历史阶段内产生，内容、形态、意义中某一方面是新出现的，得到社会认同三个角度对新词进行了界定。说明研究现状、论文的语料来源和研究方法。第二章华语圈新词的来源,按照“外来词”、“方言词”、“术语词”、“古语词”、“仿造词”的顺序考察新词的来源。“外来词”数量最多，内部结构也最为复杂。政治、经济、文化、娱乐等领域的方言新词汇容易被共同语吸收。有的方言词从词素层面进入共同语中，构成大批新词。金融、医学、政治、信息技术领域的术语词日益普及，涵义变得更加丰富。现代通讯技术促成古语词复活，古语词中人称词发生变异，经济体制类、反映社会丑恶现象的古语词得以复活，一些古语词在新的地域发展衍生出新的意义。外部社会群体心理因素和内部类推机制因素影响仿造词的产生，，仿造词增添了一种幽默和嘲讽的感情色彩。第三章华语圈新词的构词法和造词法，华语圈新词继承汉语已有的构词规则，但在某些具体构词类型上有新的变化。单音节、三音节新词有所发展，大多数四音节及其以上的新词被双音节或是三音节同义词取代。受到外语影响，新词产生大量的类词缀。偏正式新词数量上占绝对优势，动宾式次之。音变法创制新词主要采用谐音音变的方式。说明法使用频率最高。比拟法创制新词多采用部分比拟的方式。简缩造词通常采取数目字概指或截取词素的手段。华语圈各地采用数字简缩法造出的形式相同的新词意义有所差别。新词往往交叉运用了多种造词法或呈现出多种构词法。第四章华语圈新词发展的新趋向,字母词比重呈大幅增加,网络新词纯符号性成分呈现发展趋势。网络新词在编码过程中发生了符号性异化。新词区域变异呈现整体趋同局部分裂的趋势。新词在相互竞争中逐渐走向统一，某些方言色彩比较浓厚的新词传播扩散速度缓慢。第五章华语圈新词的规范化,来源于方言词和外来词的新词，同义异形情况严重。对于华语圈新词的规范，要承认语言中存在的大量的中介状态，允许处于中介状态的新词共存。宽容对待不同社会背景下的同义异形新词。应对术语和专名新词加强规范。第六章结论，归纳了论文主要观点和研究成果，并指出论文研究的不足之处。
[Abstract]:Words are the most active part of the vocabulary system, it reflects a specific period, new things and new ideas for a specific region within the scope of the people recognized. The neologism generated after 2000 as the research object, to cover the mainland, Hongkong, Taiwan, Singapore and other places in the whole Chinese circle as a starting point, to study the new characteristics and variation. Around the origin of the neologism, word formation methods, internal features, the new trend of new development, standardization issues such as new words to analyze, to study can deepen China language circle of new words, new look to promote the Chinese circle around the discussion of new words appear the new words. Examples are listed in this paper, mainly from 2000 after the publication of the new dictionary and part of the network and newspaper neologisms, sometimes in order to illustrate the new development evolution, will be traced back to twentieth Century Eighties.
The thesis is divided into six parts.
The first chapter is the introduction. In a historical stage, content, form and meaning are emerging in some aspect. The new words are defined from the three angles of social identification.
From the second chapter of the neologism, in accordance with the "foreign words", "dialect", "terminology", "ancient words", "calque" new order inspection sources. The largest number of foreign words, the internal structure is the most complicated. The political, economic, cultural, entertainment new dialect vocabulary in areas such as easy to be absorbed. The common language of some dialect words from the morpheme level into the common language, a large number of new words. Financial, medical, political and technical terms in the field of information technology popularization, meaning become more abundant. The modern communication technology to the ancient words in the resurrection, archaic person words mutate, economy class the ancient words reflect the social evils of resurrection, some archaic words derived from a new meaning in the new regional development. Factors affecting the production of counterfeit word external social groups, psychological factors and internal analogy mechanism, imitation adds a quiet word The emotion of mockery and mockery.
The third chapter wordformation neologism and coinage, word formation rules of Chinese neologism inherit the existing, but the new changes in the specific types of word formation. The single syllable, three syllable word has been the development of more than four syllables and most words are double syllable or three syllable synonyms replace influenceby foreign language. New words, resulting in a large number of affixes. The number of partial formal new words on the dominant verb type of sound reform. To create neologism homophonic sound change. That was the highest frequency of use. The use of analogy to create new meanings than quasi way. Reduction coinage usually take the number of words or morphemes refers to the interception the significance of Chinese neologisms. Around the digital reduction to create forms in the same vary. New words are often cross use a variety of coinage or showing a variety of word formation.
The new trend of development of the fourth chapter of the neologism, the proportion of letter words showed a substantial increase in new word purely symbolic composition showing the development trend of network new words. The symbolic alienation in the process of encoding. Regionalvariation of neologism showing the overall trend of convergence of the localdivision. New words gradually unified in competition with each other, new words spread speed color is quite strong in some dialects slowly.
The standardization of the fifth chapter of the neologism, from the dialect words and loanwords new words, synonyms in serious condition. For the specification of the neologism, to recognize the language in the presence of a large number of intermediate state, allowed in the intermediate state words coexist. Tolerance towards synonymsneologism from different social backgrounds. To deal with the terms and noun to strengthen norms.
The sixth chapter concludes the main points of the paper and the research results, and points out the shortcomings of the thesis.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】