《越策越开心》中言语幽默的语用预设探析

发布时间：2018-04-04 21:15

本文选题：语用预设　切入点：言语幽默　出处：《西华大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：预设大量存在于各种言语交际当中，尤其对言语幽默有很强的解释力。本文试图从语用的角度解读中文脱口秀《越策越开心》中的幽默言语，集中探讨预设现象在脱口秀这一特殊言语交际中是如何发挥作用、产生幽默效果的。预设研究最早源于哲学领域，吸引了不同领域学者的兴趣。随着语言学的发展，，预设逐渐成为语言学家们的热门研究课题。预设一般分为语义预设和语用预设两大类，本文主要以语用预设为理论基础进行分析。语用预设是指发话人在说话之前对交际语境的主观认知和假设，不一定是对外部世界的客观反映，与语境或常识相悖，就会自动消失。同一话语在不同语境下具有不同的预设。在交际过程中，发话人根据交际意图和自身对某事物的认识组织话语，把某种自认为正确的信息当作是预设信息以隐含的方式表达于语句中，并作为交际的前提和出发点。而听话人对预设的解读并不一定和说话人相同，对预设的处理也不同。正是说话人和听话人对预设进行的各种不同的操作和解读，导致冲突，产生幽默效果。幽默产生于对某种不和谐的突然感知。本文结合传统的不和谐理论，在语用预设的理论框架下从说话人角度的预设操作所引发的幽默，包括使用虚假预设、取消预设和保留预设；听话人角度的预设操作所引发的幽默，包括误解、故意曲解和取消对方预设；预设与常识、上下文话语冲突导致的不和谐三个方面对中文脱口秀《越策越开心》中的幽默话语进行分析，讨论预设现象在该脱口秀中是如何利用其特点和使用技巧来实现幽默效果而使观众发笑的。实例分析表明：一、该脱口秀中的言语幽默是通过说话者和听话者对语用预设的各种策略性操作来实现的，其中说话者取消自身预设、听话者取消和故意曲解说话者预设最为常用；二、预设与常识冲突、预设与上下文话语冲突以及预设与发话人意图冲突造成各种不和谐从而产生幽默效果，即预设引发的不和谐是该脱口秀中言语幽默的最终原因。本文通过对《越策越开心》中幽默言语的分析，希望能够更好的理解脱口秀中言语幽默的产生及预设在动态交际语境中的运用，在语用学理论尤其是预设理论对幽默的解释力方面做出一些努力。
[Abstract]:Presupposition exists in all kinds of verbal communication, especially for verbal humor.This paper attempts to interpret the humorous speech in Chinese talk show from the perspective of pragmatics, focusing on how the preset phenomenon plays a role in the special verbal communication of the talk show and produces the humorous effect.The study of presupposition originated from the field of philosophy and attracted the interest of scholars in different fields.With the development of linguistics, presupposition has gradually become a hot research topic for linguists.Presupposition is generally divided into two categories: semantic presupposition and pragmatic presupposition.Pragmatic presupposition refers to the subjective cognition and hypothesis of the speaker's communicative context before he speaks. It is not necessarily an objective reflection of the external world and will disappear automatically if it is contrary to context or common sense.The same discourse has different presuppositions in different contexts.In the process of communication, the speaker organizes the discourse according to the communicative intention and his own understanding of something, and expresses the presupposition information in the sentence in an implicit way, which is regarded as the presupposition information, and as the premise and starting point of communication.The listener's interpretation of presupposition is not necessarily the same as that of the speaker, and the presupposition is treated differently.It is the different operation and interpretation of presupposition between the speaker and the hearer that leads to conflict and humorous effect.Humor arises from a sudden perception of some dissonance.Based on the traditional theory of disharmony, this paper presents the humor caused by preset operation from the perspective of the speaker under the theoretical framework of pragmatic presupposition, including the use of false presupposition, the cancellation of presupposition and the retention of presupposition;Humor caused by preset operation from the perspective of the hearer, including misunderstanding, deliberate misinterpretation and cancellation of presupposition; presupposition and common sense,Three aspects of disharmony caused by contextual discourse conflict are used to analyze the humorous utterances in the Chinese talk show "more and more fun".This paper discusses how the preset phenomenon can make the audience laugh by using its features and techniques to make the audience laugh.Examples show that: first, the verbal humor in the talk show is realized through various strategic actions of the speaker and the listener to the pragmatic presupposition, in which the speaker cancels the presupposition.Second, presupposition and common sense conflict, presupposition and contextual discourse conflict, presupposition and speaker intention conflict cause various disharmony and produce humorous effect.The disharmony caused by presupposition is the ultimate cause of verbal humor in the talk show.Based on the analysis of humorous speech in "more strategies and happier", this paper hopes to better understand the generation of verbal humor in talk shows and the application of presupposition in dynamic communication context.Some efforts have been made in pragmatic theory, especially presupposition theory, to explain humor.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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