基于语言接触理论的廿四都闽南语词汇演变分析

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:21

本文选题：语言接触 + 廿四都闽南语　；参考：《燕山大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以“语言接触导致语言变化”为理论框架，从词汇的角度对廿四都闽南语变化情况进行研究。在语音、词汇和语法这三大语言要素中，词汇是最活跃部分。本论文侧重研究廿四都闽南语的词汇借用，其借词来源于三大语言：普通话、吴语和英语。语言接触在词汇借用过程中起着不可替代的作用，词汇借用是最基本和最典型的语言借用。语言接触是在社会文化的接触与交流中必然产生的，在参与接触的语言中留下影像。赣东北地区的汉语方言是极为复杂与丰富的，方言的种类和分布上具有明显的语言特色。在汉语八大方言中，赣东北地区就有六种：官话、吴语、赣语、客家话、闽南语和徽语。这些方言，有的成片分布，有的形成方言岛，，有的是两种方言共存于同一语言系统内，这就构成了赣东北地区方言的多元接触特征。方言岛作为一种特殊的语言形态，是观察语言接触和语言演变的最好窗口。本论文主要采用实地调查、观察、描写、比较以及问卷调查的研究方法。以《汉语方言调查词汇表》为依托，对廿四都一个镇、五个乡进行了全面的词汇调查，最后拟定出廿四都闽南方言词汇表，并对这些词汇进行分类与比较，统计出相应的数据以便做进一步的研究。最后，对引起廿四都闽南语词汇变化的原因与影响因素，包括国家的语言政策、经济发展、学校教育和大众媒体，进行详细地分析与探讨。研究结论表明，在廿四都闽南方言岛里，闽南语的通行范围逐渐缩小，使用人数也逐渐减少，说闽南语的人平均年龄趋向老龄化，闽南语的社会使用功能逐渐衰退。因此，闽南语正慢慢走向衰落，有向普通话、吴语靠拢的趋势，同时也间接地受到英语影响。然而借词中的一些发音系统仍然保留着当地土语的特点。在词汇方面，借入词语基本上保持原来的词形面貌。但随着社会的发展，借入词语在不断发展壮大，土话的固有词汇可能会被遗忘或丢失。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of "language contact leads to language change", this study studies the change of Minnan language from the lexical point of view.Among the three major language elements, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, vocabulary is the most active part.This thesis focuses on the vocabulary borrowing of Minnan dialect, which comes from three major languages: Putonghua, Wu and English.Language contact plays an irreplaceable role in the process of vocabulary borrowing, which is the most basic and typical language borrowing.Language contact is inevitable in the social and cultural contact and communication, leaving images in the language involved in contact.The Chinese dialects in Northeast Jiangxi are very complicated and rich, and the types and distribution of dialects have obvious linguistic characteristics.There are six dialects in Northeast Jiangxi: Mandarin, Wu, Gan, Hakka, Minnan and Hui.Some of these dialects are distributed in pieces, some form dialect islands, and some two dialects coexist in the same language system, which constitutes the pluralistic contact characteristics of dialects in Northeast Jiangxi.As a special language form, dialect island is the best window to observe language contact and language evolution.This thesis mainly adopts the research methods of field investigation, observation, description, comparison and questionnaire.Based on the Chinese dialect Survey Glossary, a comprehensive vocabulary survey was carried out in 24 cities and five townships. Finally, a vocabulary list of the 24 capital Minnan dialects was drawn up, and these words were classified and compared.Statistics the corresponding data for further study.Finally, the causes and influencing factors of the change of the vocabulary of Minnan dialect, including the national language policy, economic development, school education and mass media, are analyzed and discussed in detail.The results show that in the island of Minnan dialect, the popular range of Minnan dialect is gradually reduced and the number of people in use is decreasing. The average age of Fukienese speakers tends to be aging, and the social function of Minnan dialect is gradually declining.Therefore, Minnan language is slowly declining, with the trend of moving towards Putonghua and Wu dialect, and indirectly influenced by English.However, some of the phonetic systems in loanwords still retain the characteristics of local vernacular.In terms of vocabulary, borrowed words basically maintain their original morphology.However, with the development of society and the growing of borrowing words, the native vocabulary may be forgotten or lost.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17

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