被操控的主体：以理雅各译介《孟子》为例

发布时间：2018-04-13 15:27

本文选题：译者主体性 + 重写理论　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：翻译活动由来已久,译者地位却并非从一开始就得到关注。传统的翻译理论一直试图把译者束缚于忠实的教条中,认为原文作者是绝对权威,而把译者置于边缘化地位。上世纪七十年代起,翻译研究的“文化转向”开拓了翻译研究的视野,在其影响下译者的地位及其主体性也得到了重新认识。作为一个具有独立思维、文化立场和价值观的个体,译者的翻译动机、翻译策略、翻译行为和翻译能力对译文的面貌产生重大的影响。其作为翻译活动的主体身份会在从选择原语文本、制定翻译策略、解决翻译困难到追求翻译目的的整个过程中得到体现。同时应该注意到,译者在翻译中享有的自由是有一定限度的,他必然受到各种内外部因素诸如社会历史文化、个人意识形态等的影响和制约。本文试图以理雅各(1815-1897)的《孟子》译本为例探索译者主体性在翻译中的彰显,并以翻译文化研究派代表人物勒菲弗尔的重写理论为基础,分别探讨理氏的宗教信仰、文化背景、翻译动机、文学传统等相关因素对其译文风格及特色形成的影响。理雅各作为系统研究和翻译中国典籍的西方汉学家第一人,其著作《中国经典》和《东方圣书》因译文的忠实与详尽代表了当时汉学研究的最高成就,长期以来被后世学者奉为标准译本。而《孟子》堪称《中国经典》中的经典译作,具有极高的学术价值。目前对理雅各翻译著作的研究虽然取得了相当成果,但大多局限于译本的翻译方法与技巧,少有将理氏作为一个独立的译者,审视其在翻译中主体性的彰显,以及对主观能动性与外部影响因素的协调过程。由于他的传教士身份,以及其翻译动机、时代背景的特殊性,译本值得从更宏观的文化角度进行综合分析。本文首先对中西方翻译中有关译者地位及其主体性的研究进行理论回顾,简单介绍文化转向前后翻译界对译者主体性认识的转变,然后从哲学角度入手对作为翻译主体的译者的主体性给出定义,并结合理雅各的《孟子》译本具体诠释其在翻译中的彰显和作用。最后在重写理论的三要素框架下依次从意识形态、诗学因素和赞助人方面分别探讨相关因素对译者及其译文的影响。本文在结语部分指出,译者的主体性在翻译过程中是客观存在的,其既有主观能动的作用,也有受动的一面。意识形态、诗学和赞助人是操控其受动性的主要因素。优秀的译者需要不断协调主体性的两个对立面,找到自身身份的平衡点。
[Abstract]:Translation activities have a long history, but the translator's status has not been paid attention to from the beginning.The traditional translation theory has been trying to bind the translator to the faithful dogma that the original author is the absolute authority and that the translator is marginalized.Since the 1970s, the cultural turn in translation studies has broadened the perspective of translation studies, and the translator's position and subjectivity have also been re-recognized under its influence.As an individual with independent thinking, cultural stand and values, the translator's translation motivation, translation strategy, translation behavior and translation ability have a significant impact on the face of the target text.As the subject of translation activities, it will be embodied in the whole process of choosing the original text, formulating translation strategies, solving translation difficulties and pursuing translation purposes.At the same time it should be noted that the translator's freedom in translation is limited and he is bound to be influenced and restricted by various internal and external factors such as social historical culture personal ideology and so on.Taking the translation of Mencius from 1815 to 1897 as an example, this paper attempts to explore the subjectivity of the translator in translation, and based on the rewriting theory of Lefevere, a representative figure of the school of translation cultural studies, this paper explores the religious beliefs and cultural background of Lefevere, respectively.The influence of translation motivation, literary tradition and other related factors on the formation of translation style and characteristics.As the first Western sinologist to systematically study and translate Chinese classics, Reich Jacob's works "the Chinese Classics" and "the Holy Book of the Orient" represent the highest achievements of Sinology study at that time because of the faithfulness and detail of the translations.It has long been regarded as a standard translation by later generations.Mencius is a classic translation of Chinese Classics, which is of great academic value.Although the study of his translation works has made considerable achievements, most of them are limited to the translation methods and techniques of the translation, and he is seldom regarded as an independent translator to examine his subjectivity in translation.And the process of coordination between subjective initiative and external factors.Because of his missionary identity, his translation motivation and the particularity of his background, the translation is worth comprehensive analysis from a broader perspective of culture.This paper first reviews the research on the translator's status and subjectivity in Chinese and Western translation, and briefly introduces the changes of the translator's subjectivity in translation circles before and after the cultural turn.Then from the philosophical point of view, the translator's subjectivity as the subject of translation is defined, and the significance and role of the translator in translation are explained in combination with the translation of James Richards' Mencius.Finally, under the framework of the three elements of rewriting theory, the author discusses the influence of the relevant factors on the translator and his translation from the aspects of ideology, poetics and patron respectively.In the conclusion part, the author points out that the translator's subjectivity exists objectively in the process of translation.Ideology, poetics and patronage are the main factors that control its movability.A good translator should constantly coordinate the two opposites of subjectivity and find the balance of his identity.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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