论语境对意义生成的语用制约

发布时间：2018-04-18 01:42

本文选题：语境 + 意义生成　；参考：《江苏科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：这篇文章旨在探讨语境对意义生成和理解的语用制约，属于语用学研究范围，以语境中的意义研究为中心。根据新版牛津字典（2001），语境指一系列情景，人们在语境中对事件、陈述、观点、含义进行理解。语境也可以指词语和篇章的前后部分，也就是上下文语境，其对意义进行相关的解释。由此可见，语境对意义生成和理解有非常重要的作用。本文以王德春教授的语境主观客观说以及Verschueren的适应论为理论基础，从语用学视角切入研究，提出了四个显著的语境因素(客观、社会、文化以及心理认知因素)，通过详细的阐述和分析从而揭示出语境对意义的制约作用。本文由五个部分组成。第一部分陈述了研究目的，研究视角，以及本文的理论意义。第二部分作者回顾了国内外相关的研究状况，为本文打下理论基础。第三部分作者分别讨论了意义和语境，由此揭示了意义和语境之间紧密关系--交流者在语境中生成并理解意义。第四部分作者通过对四个语境因素的分析，详细阐述了语境对意义生成和理解的制约作用。这四个语境因素包括客观因素，社会因素，文化因素，以及心理认知因素。语言交流是发生于一定的时间,地点的。在不同时间，场合，意义生成和理解都会发生相应的变化。因此时间，地点这两种客观情景因素是语境研究首要因素。在语言交流过程中说话人的社会身份也会对意义产生重大影响。说话人和听话人总是潜意识的选择符合自己社会环境的语言进行表达和理解。从而使得社会身份这一主观因素成为语境研究的另一个不可或缺的因素。同时文化因素在交流过程中的作用也是至关重要的，不同文化背景的人们在交流中难免遇到这样或那样的障碍，其原因在于缺乏对对方文化的了解，总是不由自主地按照自己的文化习俗去理解对方。故文化因素这一主观语境因素也是本文探讨的一个重要方面。最后作者谈到了心理认知因素，随着认知语言学的兴起，不同学者对心理因素这一主观语境因素进行了研究和分析。作者认为在交流过程中，说话者持有特定的交流目的和意图并且根据客观情境语境明示表达出其交流目的。听话者可根据客观情境因素及百科知识，经验推导出其意图。所以心理认知因素这一主观语境因素是语境研究的另一个必不可少的因素。任何交际目的的改变导致意义生成和理解的重大变化。作者深信语境是语用研究的主要关注点之一，其作用在于解释明确意义，，确保交流者恰当地传递或理解信息。由于语境研究的广泛性和复杂性，作者集中讨论了四个主观和客观语境因素，系统论证了它们对意义生成的语用制约。希望本文能为语境研究的同仁提供一些参考。
[Abstract]:This paper aims to explore the pragmatic constraints of context on the generation and understanding of meaning, which belongs to the field of pragmatics and focuses on the study of meaning in context.According to the new Oxford Dictionary, context refers to a series of situations in which people understand events, statements, opinions and meanings.Context can also refer to the part before and after words and texts, that is context context, which interprets meaning.Therefore, context plays a very important role in meaning generation and understanding.Based on Professor Wang Dechun's subjective and objective theory of context and Verschueren's theory of adaptation, this paper, from the perspective of pragmatics, puts forward four significant contextual factors (objective, social, and social).Cultural and psychological cognitive factors reveal the restrictive effect of context on meaning through detailed elaboration and analysis.This paper consists of five parts.The first part describes the purpose of the study, research perspective, and the theoretical significance of this paper.In the second part, the author reviews the research situation at home and abroad and lays a theoretical foundation for this paper.In the third part, the author discusses meaning and context, which reveals the close relationship between meaning and context-communicators generate and understand meaning in context.In the fourth part, by analyzing the four contextual factors, the author expounds in detail the restrictive effect of context on meaning generation and understanding.These four contextual factors include objective factors, social factors, cultural factors and psychological cognitive factors.Language communication takes place at a certain time and place.At different times, occasions, meaning generation and understanding will change accordingly.Therefore, the two objective situational factors, time and place, are the primary factors in context study.The social identity of the speaker will also have a significant impact on the meaning in the process of language communication.The speaker and hearer always subconsciously choose the language suitable to their social environment to express and understand.Therefore, the subjective factor of social identity becomes another indispensable factor in context study.At the same time, the role of cultural factors in the process of communication is also crucial. People from different cultural backgrounds inevitably encounter one kind or another of obstacles in their communication, because of the lack of understanding of each other's culture.Always involuntarily according to their own cultural customs to understand each other.Therefore, the cultural factor as a subjective context factor is also an important aspect of this paper.Finally, the author talks about psychological cognitive factors. With the rise of cognitive linguistics, different scholars have studied and analyzed the subjective contextual factors of psychological factors.The author believes that in the process of communication, the speaker holds a specific purpose and intention of communication and expresses the purpose of communication according to the context of the objective situation.Hearers can deduce their intentions based on objective situational factors and encyclopedic knowledge.So psychological cognitive factor is another essential factor in context study.Any change in communicative purpose leads to significant changes in meaning generation and understanding.The author believes that context is one of the main concerns of pragmatic research, and its function is to explain the clear meaning and ensure that the communicator conveys or understands the information properly.Due to the extensiveness and complexity of contextual studies, the author focuses on four subjective and objective contextual factors and systematically demonstrates their pragmatic constraints on the generation of meaning.I hope this paper can provide some reference for my colleagues in context study.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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