《大宋宣和遗事》述补结构研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 15:33

本文选题：《大宋宣和遗事》 + 述补结构　；参考：《扬州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：述补结构是汉语中一种非常重要的语法结构,对汉语的构词法、句法结构的发展以及实词的虚化和语义表达方式的多样化等都产生了深远的影响,对述补结构的产生及发展的过程进行研究,不仅能使我们了解其发展演变情况,还能帮助我们了解其在整个汉语史中的重要地位和作用。宋代是述补结构发展的重要时期,正如石毓智所言,“在汉语发展史上,动补结构是一个统贯全局的问题”,而且“动补结构到了宋代有了重要的发展”。《大宋宣和遗事》历来被认为是宋人讲史话本,其语言以浅近文言为主,辅以白话口语,是流传较广的说话人的底本,口语化的特点在很大程度上保留了当时社会的语言状况,为后代的语言研究提供了宝贵的语言资料,具有重要的语料价值,通过对《大宋宣和遗事》述补结构的系统考察和分析,可以从一个侧面反映宋代述补结构的概貌。对《大宋宣和遗事》述补结构进行界定时,文章参考了学者们对现代汉语述补结构的界定方法,并结合宋代述补结构的发展情况以及书中述补结构的特点,从结构形式和语法意义两方面对其进行了界定,在此基础上将述补结构与其他相似结构,补语以及其他相似句法成分进行区分,然后从形式和语义上分别对补语及述补结构进行分类：根据语法意义,将述补结构补语的类型分为九种,并对其中存在语义交叉的补语类型进行具体界定和说明；依据补语的构成成分,述语和补语间能否插入“得/的”,述补结构是否存在着可能性语境的预设,述补结构是否带宾语以及宾语的位置形成了《大宋宣和遗事》中补语为谓词性成分的述补结构的分类体系。对《大宋宣和遗事》补语的语义类型进行分析时,文章将每种补语类型下又进行了语义的细分,结果补语分为结果义、完成义和涉及义三种；趋向补语除了基本的具体位移义以外,还包含三种引申意义；数量补语在语义上细分为表名量、时量、动量和度量；对象补语则分为动作涉及事物的接(承)受对象、单纯的动作施与对象、动作行为涉及事物的来源对象、动作的比较对象、与事对象、对待和涉及对象、动作的原因对象、动作的完成对象等。对《大宋宣和遗事》述补结构的类型分析,文章将研究重点放在不带“得／的”并且不含可能性预设的动结式、动趋式述补结构以及带“得／的”的述补结构上,并从形式和语义特征两方面分别对其进行了描写和解释。最后,文章从补语对述补结构句法格式的选择性特征和述语、补语、宾语的关系特征两方面对《大宋宣和遗事》述补结构的特点进行了分析和总结。
[Abstract]:The predicate complement structure is a very important grammatical structure in Chinese. It has a profound influence on the Chinese word formation, the development of the syntactic structure, the deficiency of the real word and the diversification of the semantic expression. The study of the production and development of the complement structure can not only help us understand its development and evolution, but also help us. We understand its importance and role in the whole history of Chinese language.
The Song Dynasty is an important period for the development of the complement structure. As Shi Yuzhi said, "in the history of Chinese development, the dynamic complement structure is a problem of the overall situation", and "the verb complement structure has been an important development in the Song Dynasty". < Da Song Xuan and the remains > has always been thought to be the history of the Song Dynasty, whose language is based on the classical Chinese, supplemented by the vernacular mouth. The language is the base of the more widely spoken speaker. The characteristics of the colloquial language, to a great extent, retain the language of the society at that time, provide valuable linguistic information for the language research of the future generations, and have important material value. Through the study and analysis of the series of the statement and complement of the "great song Xuan and the relics", it can be reflected from one side of Song Daishu. The outline of the complement structure.
On the boundary of the statement and complement structure of the song Xuan and the remains of the Song Dynasty, the article refers to the scholars' definition of the narrative structure of modern Chinese, and defines it from two aspects of the structure form and the grammatical meaning by combining the development of the narrative complement structure in the Song Dynasty and the features of the complement structure in the book. On this basis, the predicate complement structure and other phases are discussed. Like structure, complement and other similar syntactic components, it classifies the complement and the complement structure from the form and the semantic. According to the grammatical meaning, the type of complement structure is divided into nine types, and the complement types in the semantic cross are defined and explained; according to the composition of the complement, the composition of the complement is described. Whether or not the language and complement can be inserted into "gain /", whether there is a presupposition of the possibility context in the verb complement structure, whether the verb complement structure takes object and the position of the object form the classification system of the predicate complement structure of the "great song Xuan" and "the remains > the complement" as the predicate component.
In the analysis of the semantic types of the "great song Xuan and the remains of the complement", the article subdivides the semantic category under each type of complement, and the complement is divided into three types: the result meaning, the completion meaning and the meaning of the meaning; in addition to the basic concrete displacement meaning, the complement contains three extended meanings, and the quantitative complement is subdivided into the nominal amount in semantics, Time quantity, momentum and measure; the object complement is divided into the object of action involving things, the simple action and object, the action behavior involving the object, the object of action, the object, the object of action, the object of the action, the object of the completion of the action and so on.
For the type analysis of the statement and complement structure of the song Xuan and the remains of the great song, the research focuses on the dynamic form, the verb pattern complement structure and the complement structure with "get /", and the description and interpretation of it from two aspects of form and semantic feature.
In the end, the article analyzes and summarizes the features of the two parties, which are the features of the syntactic form of the verb complement and the predicate, the complement and the object.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141

【参考文献】