汉语背景下哈萨克语科技术语构词研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 14:10

本文选题：哈萨克语 + 科技术语　；参考：《伊犁师范学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言是随着社会发展而发展的一种社会现象。一般来说,名词术语的产生包括科技术语和非科技术语两类。在我国,哈萨克语科技术语大都是通过各类媒介从汉语中翻译过来的,哈萨克族人民群众通过接触,并掌握这些反映科技动态、前沿信息的词语了解到了最新科学技术。部分来自国外的科技术语也是通过汉语再转引到哈萨克语的。我国汉哈语科技术语的发展具有同步性、可对比性,互相影响,二者具有不可分割的密切联系。对哈萨克语科技术语构词方式进行细致、系统、深入研究是目前中国哈萨克语构词研究领域中的一个亟待研究的课题。本文用文献研究法发现并提出汉语背景下我国哈萨克语科技术语构词现状研究的意义和价值。通过汉哈对比对科技术语做了详细的概述,为哈萨克语科技术语构词的理论研究做了铺垫。根据发展演变情况把哈萨克语科技术语的发展分三个时期,讲述哈萨克语科技术语在历史上的发展进程；从多学科视角探讨哈萨克语科技术语,分析不同类型学科中科技术语的来源,归纳哈萨克语科技术语的主要词源；通过统计分析哈萨克语科技术语所使用的构词方法,了解哈萨克语科技术语构词现状,进而分析阐述哈萨克语科技术语的结构类型、构词特点、构词原则、应用情况。本文以《汉哈规范名词术语词典》中的科技术语为平台,通过分析发现所存在的构词问题,就目前哈萨克语科技术语构词问题,在统计、分析、实验的基础上提出哈萨克语科技术语构词的建议。首先,本文将现代哈萨克语科技术语形成过程初步分为三个时期,这是本文的创新点之一：一、奠基期(1917-1949),即苏俄影响时期；二、充实期(1950-1978),即新中国成立至文革结束；三、提高期(1979-2010),即改革开放至今。本文将研究视角主要集中在提高期这一段时间,是因为这个时期是我国实行改革开放后,国家科学技术迅猛发展的时期,特别是哈萨克语科学技术快速发展的时期。更重要的是,这一时期的科技术语集中反映了建国几十年来的科学水平,标志着我国进入了一个前所未有的科学技术发展的崭新时期。所以研究这个时期的哈萨克语科技术语可以全面了解哈萨克民族科技文化进步的最新、最真实的状况,发现亟待解决的重要问题。其次,“构词的经济性原则和交流的快捷性原则”两条原则的建立以及二者之间的问题处理、关系选择是本文的另一个创新点。再次,本文在坚持“构词的经济性原则和交流的快捷性原则”的基础上,在与(汉语或英语)大致相当的词长和音节数的基础上,通过研究构词与翻译中词与词的对应、词与短语的对应选择上,挑选或生成最经济、最快捷的方式,解决和突破在“有限词长”,实现表达“复杂词义”的目的。这是本文在哈萨克语构词形式方面的最基础的一个创新点。这也是前人未曾注意提出过的。科技术语往往是民族语言文化中发展速度最快、最能体现科学进步水平的名词术语,也是颇具研究价值的内容；从现象上看,本文是“哈萨克语科技术语”的构词对比研究,但实际上本文是在以汉语为参照背景的基础上的“哈萨克语科技术语”的构词研究,即本文是一份双语对比的研究报告。正如本文所采用的基础语料“汉哈名词术语词典”也是以双语对比为基础的。
[Abstract]:Language is a social phenomenon developed with the development of society. Generally speaking, nomenclature consists of two types of technical terms and non technical terms. In our country, Kazakh technical terms are mostly translated from Chinese through various media. The Kazakh people are in contact with them and mastered these developments in science and technology. The latest science and technology are understood along the words of information. Some of the technical terms from foreign countries are also transferred to Kazakh language through Chinese. The development of Chinese and Kazakh language technical terms in China has the characteristics of synchronism, contrastive and mutual influence, and the two are inseparable and closely linked.
A detailed, systematic and in-depth study of the formation of scientific and technical terminology in Kazakh is an urgent research topic in the field of Chinese Kazakh word formation.
In this paper, the significance and value of the research on the present situation of the technical terms of Kazakh language in China under Chinese background are found and proposed by the method of literature study. The technical terms of Kazak language are discussed in detail through the comparison of Han and Kazakhstan. It is divided into three periods to describe the development of Kazakh technical terms in history; to discuss the technical terms of Kazakh from a multidisciplinary perspective, to analyze the source of technical terms in different types of disciplines, to sum up the main etymology of Kazakh technical terms; to understand the method of word formation in Kazak technical terms and to understand Kazakhstan by statistical analysis. This paper analyzes the structure type, word formation, word formation, and application of the technical terms of Kazak language. In this paper, the problem of word formation is found through the analysis of the technical terms in the Hazakhstan terminology dictionary. On the basis of analysis and experiment, suggestions for word formation in scientific terms in Kazakh language are put forward.
First, this paper divides the forming process of modern Kazakh language technical terms into three stages, which is one of the innovations of this article: first, the foundation period (1917-1949), the period of Soviet Russia influence; two, the full period (1950-1978), that is, the founding of the new China to the end of the cultural revolution; three, the period (1979-2010), that is, the reform and opening up to the present. This article will study the perspective of the main point of view. It is necessary to focus on the period of improvement, because this period is a period of rapid development of national science and technology after the implementation of China's reform and opening up, especially the period of rapid development of Kazakh science and technology. More importantly, the scientific and technological terms in this period reflect the scientific level of building the country for decades, marking the entry of China. A new period of unprecedented scientific and technological development has been made. Therefore, the study of Kazakh technical terms in this period can fully understand the latest and most real situation of Kazakh National Science and technology and culture, and find important problems to be solved urgently.
Secondly, the establishment of the two principles of "the economic principle of word formation and the principle of the quick exchange of communication" and the treatment of the problems between the two, and the choice of relations are another innovation of this article.
Thirdly, on the basis of the "economic principle of word formation and the principle of quick communication", on the basis of the word length and syllables that are roughly equivalent to (Chinese or English), by studying the correspondence of words and words in word formation and translation and the corresponding selection of words and phrases, the most economical and quickest way is chosen or produced to solve and develop. It is the most fundamental innovation in the word formation of the Kazakh language, which is the most fundamental innovation in the word formation of the Kazakh language.
Technical terms are often the fastest growing and most capable of the scientific progress in the national language and culture. It is also a very valuable content. From the point of view, this article is a comparative study of the word formation of "Kazakh technical terms", but in fact it is in the "Kazakh language" based on the reference background of Chinese. The study of the word formation of scientific and technical terms, that is, this paper is a study of bilingual comparison. As the basic corpus used in this article, the "Han Kazakh terminology dictionary" is also based on the bilingual contrast.

【学位授予单位】：伊犁师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H236

【参考文献】