复制移位理论与汉语话题化

发布时间：2018-04-23 19:03

本文选题：话题 + 话题化　；参考：《河南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语中的话题,通常是指居于句首的名词短语或类似于名词短语的句子成分，与后面的句子中的某一位置有一定的联系。话题是一个语用和话语概念，是说话双方都知道的“旧”信息，即：此信息在前文中提到过，在当前话语中又重复提到。话题句也是现代汉语中常见的一种多产句式。话题化是现代汉语学界学术争论颇多的热点之一。汉语话题句研究的核心问题在于话题是如何生成的，话题本身是否承担独立的句法角色。历来语言学家通常从语义角度或从狭隘的句法层面来研究汉语中的话题，忽视了汉语自身独有的特点。一些语言学家从句子的结构出发，认为汉语中的话题是基础生成的，其中具有代表性的有LiThompson (1976,1981),徐烈炯(1985,1986)，胡建华潘海华（2002）。他们认为汉语的话题不遵循Chomsky提出的毗邻条件，并且话题结构中的话题并不与述语中的空位或代词同指，因此话题是语义允准，基础生成的。而以石定栩（1998,2000），张孝荣（2009）为代表的生成语言学家则认为汉语话题的生成过程与英语中的话题生成过程类似，是移位所致。由于语言学界对话题的定义并不一致，石定栩在重新给话题定义的基础上，指出汉语中的垂悬话题并不是真正的话题。但他们只研究了典型的话题结构，排除了垂悬话题在汉语中的存在。而以黄正德（2008），顾钢（2001a，2006）为代表的语言学家则认为汉语中的话题部分基础生成，部分移位所致。本研究尝试用复制移位理论解释汉语中的非垂悬话题及垂悬话题的结构及其生成过程，并解释回指代词在汉语话题结构中的应用，研究的目的是为两种话题结构提供统一的解释。本研究利用Chomsky（1993）提出的复制移位理论，论证了汉语非垂悬话题与英语话题的生成机制的类似性，两者都是移位生成的，话题通过述语中的空位或回指代词得到允准；汉语的垂悬话题同样是移位所致，其线性表现形式涉及到介词脱落。此外，根据汉语自身独有的特点，本文还论述了汉语话题在语音层面的不同实现情况，，指出TueTrinh (2009)提出的Constraints on Copy Deletion在汉语话题的删除方面同样适用。根据最简方案精神，词库中每个词项都是不同特征的集合，包括词项的范畴特征，语义特征及句法特征。在这些特征中，有些是可解释性的，有些则不是。Radford (2009)进一步发展了Rizzi (1997)提出的CP分裂假说，参与生成过程中的TopP的Spec具有强特征，该位置作为target对述语中具有[-uTop]特征的成分具有吸引力，使其移位至该位置，两者的特征得到核查。因此，本文认为汉语中话题的生成过程就是复制及移位和特征核查的过程。
[Abstract]:A topic in Chinese usually refers to a noun phrase at the beginning of a sentence or a sentence element similar to a noun phrase, which is related to a certain position in the following sentence. The topic is a concept of pragmatics and utterance, which is the "old" information known to both the speaker and the speaker, that is, this information is mentioned in the previous article and repeated in the current discourse. Topic sentence is also a common prolific sentence pattern in modern Chinese. Topicalization is one of the hot topics in the academic debate of modern Chinese. The core problem of Chinese topic sentence research lies in how the topic is generated and whether the topic itself plays an independent syntactic role. Linguists have always studied Chinese topics from a semantic point of view or from a narrow syntactic level, ignoring the unique features of Chinese itself. From the perspective of sentence structure, some linguists think that the topic in Chinese is generated on the basis of its basis, among which the representative ones are LiThompson 1976-1981, Xu Li-jiong, 1985 / 1986, Hu Jianhua, Pan Hai-hua, 2002. They think that the topic in Chinese does not follow the adjoining condition proposed by Chomsky, and the topic in the topic structure is not synonymous with the empty or pronoun in the predicate, so the topic is semantically permitted and generated on the basis. On the other hand, the generative linguists, such as Shi Ding Xu (1998 / 2000) and Zhang Xiaorong (2009), believe that the process of topic generation in Chinese is similar to that in English and is caused by shift. Because the definition of topic is not consistent in linguists, Shi Dingxu points out that hanging topic in Chinese is not a real topic on the basis of redefining topic. But they only studied the typical topic structure and ruled out the hanging topic in Chinese. The linguists, such as Huang Zhengde (2008) and Gu Gang (2001a / 2006), believe that the topic in Chinese is partly generated and partly displaced. This study attempts to explain the structure and formation process of non-pendent topics and pendant topics in Chinese by replicating shift theory, and to explain the application of anaphora pronouns in Chinese topic structure. The purpose of the study is to provide a unified explanation for the two topic structures. Based on the replicative shift theory proposed by Chomsky1993, this study demonstrates the similarity between the generation mechanism of Chinese non-hanging topic and English topic, both of which are generated by shift, and the topic is allowed by the empty or anaphora pronoun in the predicate. The hanging topic in Chinese is also caused by shift, and its linear expression is related to preposition shedding. In addition, according to the unique characteristics of Chinese, this paper also discusses the different realization of Chinese topics at the phonetic level, and points out that Constraints on Copy Deletion proposed by TueTrinh / 2009 is also suitable for the deletion of Chinese topics. According to the spirit of the minimalist scheme, each word item in the thesaurus is a collection of different features, including the category feature, semantic feature and syntactic feature of the word item. Among these characteristics, some are interpretable, others are not. Radford / 2009). The CP splitting hypothesis proposed by Rizzi / 1997) is further developed. The Spec of TopP involved in the process of generation has strong characteristics. This position, as a target, is attractive to the elements of the predicate with [-uTop] characteristics, which make them shift to the position, and the features of both are verified. Therefore, this paper argues that the process of topic generation in Chinese is the process of reproduction and shift and feature checking.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】