韩汉越指示词的共性和个性

发布时间：2018-04-24 02:10

本文选题：指示词 + 体系层级　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：指示是人类语言的普遍现象。无论是在日常对话中还是书面篇章中，指示词都是使用频率较高的一类词汇。论文主要以语言类型学中的蕴含共性理论和语用理论为基础，从指示词的体系层级分类和语用功能方面对韩国语、汉语和越南语中的指示词进行了对比考察，目的是找出三国语言指示词的共性和个性。旨在为外语学习者提供一定的帮助，同时也希望在一定程度上促进人们对语言共性现象的了解。论文研究结果如下：首先，从指示词的体系层级分类及其分类参项来看，汉语是2分体系，主要影响参项是距离参项；韩国语和越南语都属于3分体系，影响韩国语的参项主要有距离、参与者和可见/不可见参项；而影响越南语的参项主要是距离和可见/不可见参项。通过考察发现，汉语和越南语的指示词体系倾向于距离，，而韩语的指示词体系则倾向于参与者。在此基础上，我们总结出了“其它分类参项）距离参项”的语言蕴含共性，即距离参项是划分指示词体系的根本参项，其它参项处在距离参项的外围。其次，从指示词的直指功能来看，汉语的“这、那”都可以行使人物指示、事物指示、空间指示和时间指示功能，即在直指功能上汉语的指示词是2分的。而原来属于3分体系的韩语和越南语指示词在行使直指功能上则有一定的限制。韩语的,,在空间指示时都可用，而当指示对象为不可见的人物或事物时，只能用，并且不能用于时间指示。越南语中只有近指和远指指示词能用在时间指示，超远指指示词不能指示时间。以此为基础，我们总结出了“时间㧐人物/事物㧐空间”的语言蕴含共性序列，即在一种语言指示系统中，如果指示时间的词是N分的，那么指示人物、事物和空间的词也至少是N分的。最后，在指示词的篇章指示功能上，由于资料缺乏，我们只对韩语和汉语进行了对比。相同点是韩语中的‘’不具备篇章功能，因此指示词在行使篇章指示功能时，汉语和韩语都是2分系统，指示词独立使用和“指示词+NP”是韩汉语行使回指功能的主要形式，NP和VP都可以成为其回指内容。韩语和汉语的指示词都有预指功能，并且都有引起悬念，使听者/读者集中于后续内容的文体效果。不同点是当指示词单独回指并且先行词是VP形式时，汉语的“这、那”都可用，而韩语中只能用‘’，并且汉语的“这、那”可以用“这/那’+一+VP”的形式回指VP，而韩语无此用法；汉语的指示词在篇章中可以同时行使回指和预指功能，而韩语则不能。
[Abstract]:Deixis is a common phenomenon in human language. Deixis are frequently used in both daily conversation and written discourse. Based on the generality theory and pragmatic theory in typology, this paper makes a comparative study of the deixis in Korean, Chinese and Vietnamese in terms of their systematic classification and pragmatic functions. The purpose is to find out the commonness and individuality of the three languages' deixis. The purpose is to provide some help for foreign language learners and to promote the understanding of common language phenomena to a certain extent. The results are as follows: First of all, from the perspective of the hierarchical classification of deixis and their classification parameters, Chinese is a two-point system, and the main influencing parameter is the distance index; Korean and Vietnamese belong to a 3-point system, and the parameters that affect Korean are mainly distant. Participants and visible / invisible parameters, while the main parameters affecting Vietnamese are distance and visible / invisible parameters. It is found that Chinese and Vietnamese deixis systems tend to distance, while Korean deixis systems tend to participants. On this basis, we conclude that the language of "other classified parameter) distance parameter" contains commonness, that is, distance parameter is the fundamental parameter of classifying indicator system, and other parameters are in the periphery of distance parameter. Secondly, from the direct function of the deixis, the Chinese "this, that" can exercise the functions of character deixis, object deixis, spatial deixis and time deixis. The three-point system of Korean and Vietnamese deixis in the exercise of the function of direct reference has some limitations. Korean can be used when indicating space, but can only be used when indicating an invisible person or thing, and can not be used to indicate time. In Vietnamese, only proximal and distal deixis can be used in time deixis, and ultra distant deixis can not indicate time. On this basis, we summed up the "time?" People / things? The language of "space" contains a common sequence, that is, in a linguistic indicator system, if the word indicating time is N, then the words indicating character, thing and space are at least N. Finally, on the function of deixis, due to the lack of data, we only compare Korean and Chinese. The similarity is that Chinese and Korean do not have text function, so both Chinese and Korean have two sub-systems when they exercise the function of text deixis. The independent use of deixis and "NP" are the main forms of anaphora function in Korean and Chinese. Both NP and VP can become anaphora contents. Both Korean and Chinese deixis have the function of preindication, and both have the stylistic effect of causing suspense, so that the listener / reader can concentrate on the subsequent content. The difference is that when the deixis are singly anaphora and the antecedents are VP forms, the Chinese word "this, that" can be used, while in Korean, it can only be used with "this," and the Chinese word "this," The anaphora can be used in the form of "this / that'VP", but not in Korean; the Chinese deixis can perform both anaphora and presupposition functions in the text, but the Korean language can not.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146;H55

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