韩国初高中汉语教材的汉语词汇与韩语汉字词比较分析

发布时间：2018-04-27 16:34

本文选题：同形同义词 + 同形异义词　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：中韩两国同属于汉字文化圈。地理位置上的优势使得两国文化交流的历史十分悠久。因此，两国的文化在很多方面都有着相当密切的关系。通过两国频繁地交流，中国的汉字被韩语所吸纳。朝鲜时代世宗大王创制文字之前韩国缺少自己的文字，所以自然而然地就借用了中国的文字。结果，大量的中国词汇传入到韩国。中国的汉字引导了韩国三国时代（百济、高句丽、新罗）的文字生活。虽然1443年颁布的《训民正音》取代了中国的汉字，可也有许多文字还是靠汉字记录了下来。因此，有些韩语的常用词汇源于汉语，已经融进韩语词汇系统里，成为韩语词汇系统的主干，这对韩语的词汇体系产生了较大的影响。但两国语言在交流融合的过程中，由于时代的变迁，语言环境和政治文化的变化等多种因素的影响，韩语的汉字词和这些韩语对应的汉语词汇都发生了较大的变化。研究两国汉字词的这些异同点，已成为学术界一项有研究价值的创新课题。目前韩语词汇中汉字词的占有率已达55%以上，这使得韩国学生学汉语具有较大的优势。韩国学生比汉字文化圈以外的国家的学生有更多的有利条件。因此韩国学生学习汉语的速度较快，学汉语时母语能够起到正迁移作用。推而广之，凡是汉字文化圈的学生都具有学习汉字的优势。对他们来说，学习汉语是易如反掌的事情。但是，韩语汉字词与汉语的不同点，母语负迁移作用给韩国学生学习汉语带来了干扰。第二语言习得迁移理论认为，母语对目的语的影响既有正迁移，也有负迁移，目的语中也会起正迁移和负迁移作用。这表明如果掌握母语和目的语之间的共同点与相异点有助于学习第二语言，也能够减少出现学汉语时不免发生的偏误现象。根据上述所论述的内容，笔者先将最广泛运用的韩国高中汉语教材的中文词汇与韩语汉字词进行分析对照，按照文字形义的不同，可以把它们分为同形同义词、同形异义词、同形部分异义词、异形同义词4类。本文既讨论了韩国初高中的中文教材中的汉语词汇和韩语汉字词的对比及教学方案，，也探讨了韩语汉字词对学生习得汉语词汇的影响以及教学对策。希望本研究可以为学习汉语的韩国人以及其他在汉字文化圈里生活的外国人提供高效实用的参考依据。
[Abstract]:China and South Korea both belong to the cultural circle of Chinese characters. The advantage of geographical location makes the history of cultural exchange between the two countries very long. As a result, the cultures of the two countries are quite closely related in many ways. Through frequent exchanges between the two countries, Chinese characters are absorbed in Korean. Prior to the creation of characters by the Korean king, South Korea lacked its own, so it naturally borrowed Chinese characters. As a result, a large number of Chinese words were introduced to Korea. Chinese characters guided the written life of the three Kingdoms of Korea (Baiji, Koguryo, Silla). Although the Chinese characters were replaced by Xuemin Zhengyin in 1443, many of them were recorded in Chinese characters. Therefore, some commonly used Korean words come from Chinese and have been integrated into the Korean lexical system and become the backbone of Korean lexical system, which has a great impact on the Korean vocabulary system. However, in the process of communication and fusion between the two languages, due to the changes of times, language environment, political and cultural changes and other factors, Korean Chinese words and these Korean corresponding Chinese vocabulary have undergone great changes. Studying these similarities and differences between the two Chinese characters has become a valuable and innovative subject in academic circles. At present, the occupation of Chinese characters in Korean vocabulary has reached more than 55%, which makes Korean students have a great advantage in learning Chinese. Korean students have more advantages than students in countries outside the Chinese culture circle. Therefore, Korean students learn Chinese faster and their mother tongue can play a positive transfer role. By extension, all Chinese character culture circle students have the advantage of learning Chinese characters. It is easy for them to learn Chinese. However, the difference between Korean Chinese characters and Chinese, the negative transfer of mother tongue brings interference to Korean students learning Chinese. The theory of second language acquisition transfer holds that the influence of mother tongue on the target language is both positive and negative transfer, and the target language also plays a positive and negative transfer role. This shows that mastering the similarities and differences between the mother tongue and the target language can help to learn a second language and reduce the errors that inevitably occur in learning Chinese. According to the contents discussed above, the author first analyzes and contrasts the Chinese vocabulary of the most widely used Korean senior high school Chinese teaching materials with the Korean Chinese characters. According to the different forms and meanings of the characters, they can be divided into synonyms of the same shape and synonyms of the same form, words of the same form and different meanings. There are 4 kinds of synonyms in homomorphism. This paper not only discusses the comparison and teaching scheme between Chinese vocabulary and Korean Chinese character word in Korean middle and high school Chinese teaching materials, but also discusses the influence of Korean Chinese character word on students' acquisition of Chinese vocabulary and teaching countermeasures. It is hoped that this study can provide an efficient and practical reference for Korean learning Chinese and other foreigners living in the cultural circle of Chinese characters.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136;H55

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