反义词“高”“低”的不对称研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 22:31

本文选题：高 + 低　；参考：《云南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“高”“低”是我们生活中常用的一对反义形容词,目前还没有发现对该组反义词进行专门研究。本文在标记理论和认知语言学原理的基础上,从共时和历时相结合的角度对“高”“低”这对反义词从词汇、语义和句法三个方面的不对称进行描写和解释。本文的主要内容包括以下几个部分：第一部分：引论。本部分主要介绍相关问题的研究状况；“高”“低”的研究综述：本论文研究的语料来源及研究方法。第二部分：词汇层面的共时描写和解释。从“高”“低”义项、构词数量、构词形式和使用频率等方面来进行分析,得出“高“低”及其所构词在词汇层面的总体特点是不对称中存在着对称性。第三部分：语义演变的历时描写和解释。分别梳理“高”“低”的语义演变,从而得出从“高”“低”产生的时间不对称,语义引申的时间不对称,语义演变具体方式不对称,语义感情色彩变化不对称。第四部分：语法层面的描写和解释。从语法层面来考察“高”“低”分别和名词、动词、程度副词、数量短语搭配的情况,在跟名词、动词、程度副词搭配基本上是对称的,但也呈现出诸多不对称的方面。“高”能和一些具体名词和抽象名词搭配,却没有发现和“低”搭配的句子。“老、蛮”等程度副词倾向于和“高”搭配,很少跟“低”搭配。“高”可以和数量短语搭配,表示高度,“低”不能搭配。“高”“低”用于比较句时,“只有那么高=只有那么低”,“高”表示“高度”,“高”“低”可以互换。我们发现“高”出现的环境多,体现了“高”的无标记性和“低”的有标记性。
[Abstract]:"Gao" and "low" are a pair of antonyms commonly used in our daily life. On the basis of Markedness Theory and Cognitive Linguistics, this paper describes and interprets the asymmetry of "Gao" and "low" antonyms from three aspects: lexical, semantic and syntactic from the perspective of synchronic and diachronic combination. The main contents of this article are as follows: Part one: introduction. This part mainly introduces the research status of related issues, the review of "Gao" and "low": the corpus source and research methods of this thesis. The second part: synchronic description and explanation of lexical level. Based on the analysis of the meaning of "high" and "low", the quantity of word formation, the form of word formation and the frequency of use, it is concluded that the general characteristics of "high" and "low" and their words are asymmetry in lexical level. The third part: the diachronic description and explanation of semantic evolution. Combing the semantic evolution of "Gao" and "low" respectively, the author draws the conclusion that the time asymmetry, semantic extension time asymmetry, semantic evolution concrete way asymmetry, semantic emotion color change asymmetry from "Gao" and "low". The fourth part: the description and explanation of grammatical level. The collocation of "Gao" and "low" with nouns, verbs, adverbs of degree, and quantitative phrases is studied from the grammatical level. The collocation of nouns, verbs and adverbs of degree is basically symmetrical, but it also presents many asymmetrical aspects. Gao can be collocated with concrete nouns and abstract nouns, but no sentences with low ones are found. Adverbs of degree such as Old, Man tend to go with Gao, rarely with low. "Gao" can be collocated with quantitative phrases, indicating height, and "low" cannot be collocated. "High" "" low "is used in comparative sentences," only so high = only so low "," high "means" height "," high "and" low "can be interchangeable. We find that "Gao" appears in many environments, reflecting the "high" unmarked and "low" marked.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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