汉语等级含义加工的神经机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 15:31

本文选题：等级含义 + 加工机制　；参考：《浙江大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：等级含义是语用学理论重要议题之一,不同理论学说对于等级含义的加工机制存在较大的争议。以Horn和Levinson语用学理论为代表的缺省观认为,等级含义的加工具有即时性、无需额外认知资源投入、独立于语境因素的特点,而以Grice、Sperber和Wilson语用学理论为代表的语境驱动观则认为,等级含义的即时性加工有条件限制,其过程需要调用额外加工资源的支持,并且语境因素具有决定性作用。本研究通过行为学实验和脑电技术实验,以汉语等级含义触发词“一些”作为切入,分别采用真值判断范式、失匹配负波研究范式和句子阅读理解范式,并且根据个体语用能力的不同水平对被试进行分组比较,深入探讨了汉语等级含义加工的神经机制及其个体差异性的原因和表现,对相关理论所争论的核心问题进行了较为全面的实证性研究分析。根据不同语用能力水平被试对于中性语境条件下触发词解读策略的偏好性、非注意状态下等级含义的加工机制,以及在上限语境和下限语境中等级含义加工机制等多方面实验结果,本研究得到以下主要结论： (一)汉语等级含义加工的脑电成分包括：负波成分(N400)或晚期正波成分(P600),反映了等级含义的获取以及和其他语言单位的整合加工过程；持续性前部负波(SAN),反映了基于等级含义对话语整体语义进行再分析的认知操作。另外,本研究首次证明了高语用能力被试在非注意状态下大脑能够对等级含义进行自动化的推理加工,这一过程在脑电上表现为失匹配负波成分(MMN)。 (二)等级含义可以在理解者对触发词的加工过程中即时性激活。但是,等级含义激活的即时性不具有普遍性,而是和个体语用能力水平相关。 (三)等级含义的获取过程需要理解者投入相对较多的认知加工资源。 (四)语境对于等级含义的获取并非是绝对的决定性因素,但是,仍然在一定程度上对等级含义的加工过程存在影响和作用。具体来说,当语境和等级含义存在较大关联时,能够促进等级含义的激活；当语境和等级含义关联性较小时,则需要理解者付出更多的认知加工努力。 (五)不同水平语用能力者在等级含义加工机制方面存在较大差异性。高语用能力者对于等级含义具有高敏感性,能够根据触发词及其所在的等级关系,快速计算推理出相关的隐含意义。与之相比,低语用能力者对于等级含义的敏感性弱,对等级含义的计算推理加工具有延迟性。 (六)缺省观和语境驱动观对于等级含义加工机制的解释都有一定的合理性,但任何一种认知加工模型与本研究所探测到的等级含义加工机制特点难以完全吻合,这表明两种认知模型均只具有部分的正确性。同时,本研究结果说明个体语用能力水平同样是等级含义加工机制的重要影响因素,等级含义加工模型及相关语用学理论需要就此进一步的完善。
[Abstract]:Hierarchical meaning is one of the most important topics in pragmatic theory. The default view, represented by Horn and Levinson pragmatics theory, holds that the processing of hierarchical meaning is instantaneous, does not require additional cognitive resources, and is independent of contextual factors, while the context-driven view, represented by Griceen Sperber and Wilson pragmatics theories, holds that the process of hierarchical meaning is instantaneous and independent of contextual factors. The immediate processing of hierarchical meaning is conditional, its process needs the support of additional processing resources, and context plays a decisive role. Through behavioral experiments and EEG experiments, this study uses the Chinese word "some" as the starting point, uses the truth judgment paradigm, mismatched negative wave research paradigm and sentence reading comprehension paradigm, respectively. In addition, according to the different levels of individual pragmatic competence, this paper compares the subjects, and probes into the neural mechanism of the processing of Chinese hierarchical meanings and the causes and manifestations of the individual differences. This paper makes a comprehensive empirical analysis of the core issues discussed in relevant theories. According to the preference of the strategies for interpreting trigger words in neutral context and the processing mechanism of hierarchical meaning under the condition of non-attention, the subjects with different pragmatic competence levels; As well as the processing mechanism of hierarchical meaning in upper and lower context, the main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the EEG components of Chinese grade meaning processing include: negative wave component (N400) or late positive wave component (P600), which reflects the process of gradation meaning acquisition and integration with other language units; The antecedent negative wave antecedent reflects the cognitive operation of reanalyzing the whole semantic of discourse based on hierarchical meaning. In addition, the present study for the first time proves that the brain of the subjects with high pragmatic competence can automatically infer the hierarchical meaning under the condition of non-attention, and this process is characterized by mismatch of negative wave components and MMNs on EEG. (2) Rank meaning can be activated instantaneously in the process of the interpreter's processing of the trigger word. However, the instantaneity of hierarchical meaning activation is not universal, but related to the level of individual pragmatic competence. (3) the process of gradation meaning acquisition needs more cognitive processing resources. (4) context is not an absolute decisive factor for the acquisition of hierarchical meaning, but it still has an effect on the processing process of hierarchical meaning to some extent. Specifically, it can promote the activation of hierarchical meaning when there is a strong correlation between context and hierarchical meaning; when the relevance between context and hierarchical meaning is small, it needs to pay more cognitive processing efforts. (5) there are great differences in the processing mechanism of hierarchical meaning among pragmatic competence at different levels. Those with high pragmatic competence are highly sensitive to hierarchical meanings and can quickly infer the relevant implied meanings according to the trigger words and their hierarchical relationships. In contrast, the ability of whispers is less sensitive to hierarchical meanings and delayed in the computational reasoning of hierarchical meanings. (6) the default view and context-driven view have some rationality for the explanation of the processing mechanism of hierarchical meaning, but any cognitive processing model is difficult to fully agree with the characteristics of the hierarchical meaning processing mechanism detected in this study. This shows that the two cognitive models are only partially correct. At the same time, the results show that the level of individual pragmatic competence is also an important factor in the processing mechanism of hierarchical meaning, and the processing model of hierarchical meaning and the relevant pragmatic theories need to be further improved.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H12

【相似文献】