现代汉语中的描写结构研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 05:06

本文选题：描写结构 + 叙事结构　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：描写是语体学、叙事学、写作学等学科中的一个基本概念。然而时至今日对这一概念的阐释大多还停留在经验感悟层面,尤其缺少语言学形式上的把握。本文认为,描写与叙事一样,是一种基本的话语功能类型,也即一种基本的篇章结构。在方法上,我们参照了较为成熟的叙事结构研究,并在这种参照中阐释了叙事结构层次降低何以会导致结构的描写性增强。这种研究也是“从修辞意图到修辞结构”方法的一种实践。在此,描写与叙事作为基本的篇章结构,都是局部段落中小句与小句之间的关系,甚至是单个表述外部事态的句子与知觉意向行为的关系——描写与叙事之所以紧密关联,也在于两类话语都以知觉意向行为的展开为基础。以上理论梳理构成了论文绪论的内容。论文第二章以时间系统三元结构为参照,研究了空间系统的三个方面：空间关系类型及其系统性、动词和抽象句子的描述情状、描述情状的标记性成分。通过时间系统与空间系统的对照,我们得到了陈述句的一个基础次类：描述句,它为描写结构提供了基础句子形态。论文第三章首先梳理出了描写与样貌的关系,回顾有关描写结构研究的成果与不足,进而得出了本章的理论生长点。我们将样貌界定为图形-背景的分化整合,得出了知觉意向结构支配下的“概貌导引—局貌生发”的语篇结构。第三节则考察了基本样貌及其组合类型,以及自然生命度对样貌组合方式的影响。样貌展开的背后是主体的知觉活动,因而本章第四节考察了主体运动的三种方式以及主体的指称情况,以此为基础分析了描写结构的几种典型推进方式。论文第四章考察的是知觉活动中样貌的主观性呈现方式：将主体的各种运动主观归因到物理空间中静止的事物上去,构成了空间关系的时间化隐喻。这恰恰与日常中抽象时间关系的空间具象隐喻不同。而且时间关系空间化已经高度语法化,而空间关系时间化却只是较高频率出现的修辞构式。虽然空间关系时间化已经得到了部分研究,但在我们看来,其内在的逻辑性还不够严密,因而在本章第二节,我们从知觉选择性、主客体小空间构成、主观责任归因三个方面进行了系统解释。第三节则参考主体运动的三种方式对空间关系时间化的比拟构式进行了类型划分。论文第五章考察的是动态事态句及其结构关系何以会向描写转化。从语文实践出发,我们首先考察了叙事结构对活动主体生命度以及事情整体性的要求。本章第二节考察了名词生命度的几个连续统、动词框架与充填的生命度连续统。以第二节的研究为基础并参照叙事结构的基本参量,第三节研究了述人行为句“非叙事—描写结构化”的几种类型。论文第六章考察了以描写为主要功能导向的前后景配置结构。第一节首先回顾了前后景配置结构研究的一些新进展,引申出了基本话语功能结构两大分类及其亲疏关系对前后景配置的倾向性作用。第二节从描写结构的推进原则出发,考察述人行为句在描写的前后景配置结构中的地位。显然这与从非叙事化的角度考察描写结构有一定的关联,但二者视角不同。本章第三节简单考察了明示逻辑思维过程的言说方式在描写前后景配置中的情况,突显了这类言说方式作用下述人行为句在描写前后景配置中的绝对后景地位。至此,我们基本完成了对所设定的描写结构的研究。第七章回顾了本论文研究的成果与不足,并对本课题的前景进行了展望。
[Abstract]:The description is a basic concept in semantics , narratology , writing and so on . However , the interpretation of this concept is mostly still at the level of experience perception , especially in the form of linguistics .

This paper holds that the description is the same as the narration , and is a basic discourse function type , that is , a basic structure of discourse . In the method , we refer to the more mature narrative structure research , and in this reference , explain why the narrative structure level decreases . This research is also a practice of " from the rhetoric intention to the rhetorical structure " approach .

In this paper , the relationship between the description and the narrative as the basic chapter structure is the relation between the small sentence and the small sentence in the local paragraph , even the relation between the sentence and the perceived intention of the individual expressing the external affairs . The description and the narrative are closely related , and the two types of discourse are based on the development of the perceptual intention . The above theory combs the content of the preface of the paper .

In chapter 2 , the three aspects of spatial system : spatial relationship type and its systematic , verb and abstract sentences are studied in three aspects : spatial relationship type and its systematic , verb and abstract sentences .

In chapter 3 , the relationship between the description and the appearance is reviewed , the achievements and shortcomings of the research on descriptive structure are reviewed , and the theoretical growth point of this chapter is obtained .

In chapter 4 , the subjective representation of the appearance of perceptual activity is studied : the subjective attribution of various movements of the subject to the objects still in the physical space forms the temporal metaphor of the spatial relationship .

In the second section of this chapter , we examine several types of " non - narrative - descriptive structure " of the human behavior sentence .

In the second section , the author reviews the progress of the research on the structure of the front - and - back view , and points out the position of the two major classifications of the basic discourse function structure and the relation of their relationship to the front - and - back view configuration . The second section briefly reviews the situation of the description structure in the context of the description structure .

Chapter 7 reviews the achievements and shortcomings of the research , and looks forward to the future of this thesis .

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】