留学生使用能愿动词否定形式的偏误探究

发布时间：2018-05-10 10:00

本文选题：能愿动词否定形式 + 偏误现状　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会的快速发展，国际间的交流越来越广泛，外国人学习汉语的热情也越来越高，，到我们国家来留学的人员也越来越多，怎样才能让留学生学好汉语，是对外汉语教学中的重要问题。在使用汉语进行交流时，能愿动词的使用频率很高。由于能愿动词的肯定和否定形式的不对称性，导致了留学生在使用能愿动词的否定形式时，容易出现偏误，这已经成了留学生学习和使用汉语的瓶颈。针对这一现状，本文展开了对留学生使用能愿动词否定形式的偏误探究。这一研究有助于留学生对能愿动词否定形式的理解和掌握，更有助于提高教学质量，完善现有的对外汉语教材。在综述了现有对能愿动词否定形式的研究后，我们发现当下的本体研究成果很难直接运用到对外汉语教学中，对实践的指导意义不大。因此，本文首先利用自然语言肯定与否定公理对能愿动词肯定与否定的不对称原因和规律进行分析，确定能愿动词否定形式的义项，并对“没”和“不”的用法以及可能补语否定形式与能愿动词否定形式的用法等特殊表现加以说明；然后运用统计法对“HSK动态作文语料库”中有关能愿动词否定形式的错句进行归类，总结偏误类型，分析偏误原因；最后针对所产生的偏误，提出解决对策。本文研究的主要创新指出是：首先，从理论上确定了肯定和否定不对称的规律及不对称原因，是由于语义程度的变化而使肯定与否定对称情况发生了变化，这使得在对外汉语教学时教师将有理可依；其次，结合“HSK动态作文语料库”中的学生病句，利用偏误分析理论，总结出了留学生在能愿动词否定形式这个问题上易产生偏误的类型，和各偏误类型所占比例，并对偏误率较高的几组词语进行了辨析；最后，从教材和教学两方面提出了有针对性的建议，在教学中教师应加强语境教学，并对易产生偏误的词语进行重点讲解，在教材中也应该提高对能愿动词否定形式的重视程度，在语法讲解部分不但要对能愿动词的义项进行合理划分，而且应该对其肯定与否定形式的转换加以说明，并给出充足的例句。希望通过本文的研究，可以确定能愿动词否定形式在对外汉语教学中的重要性，并对教学有积极的指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our society, international exchanges are becoming more and more extensive, foreigners' enthusiasm for learning Chinese is also increasing, and more and more people are studying in our country. How can we enable international students to learn Chinese well? It is an important problem in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In the use of Chinese for communication, can wish verb use frequency is very high. Because of the asymmetry of positive and negative forms of NV verbs, it is easy for foreign students to make errors when they use the negative forms of NV verbs, which has become the bottleneck for foreign students to learn and use Chinese. In view of this situation, this paper explores the errors in the use of negative forms of NV verbs by foreign students. This study helps foreign students to understand and master the negative forms of NV verbs, to improve the quality of teaching and to perfect the existing textbooks of Chinese as a foreign language. After summarizing the existing researches on the negative forms of NV verbs, we find that the current Noumenon research results are difficult to be directly applied to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, which is of little significance to practice. Therefore, in this paper, we first use natural language affirmation and negation axioms to analyze the asymmetric causes and laws of positive and negative verbs, and to determine the meaning of negative forms of can wish verbs. It also explains the usage of "no" and "no" as well as the negative forms of possible complement and the negative forms of possible verbs. Then it classifies the negative sentences in HSK dynamic composition Corpus, summarizes the types of errors, analyzes the causes of errors, and finally puts forward some countermeasures to solve the errors. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, the law of positive and negative asymmetries and the reasons of asymmetry are determined theoretically, which is caused by the change of semantic degree, which results in the change of positive and negative symmetry. This makes it possible for teachers to follow in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Secondly, combining with the students' ill sentences in HSK dynamic composition Corpus, the theory of error analysis is used. This paper summarizes the types of errors that foreign students tend to produce on the negative form of NV verbs, and the proportion of each error type, and analyzes several groups of words with high error rate. This paper puts forward some pertinent suggestions from two aspects of teaching materials and teaching. In teaching, teachers should strengthen contextual teaching, and focus on the explanation of words which are prone to errors. In the teaching materials, they should also pay more attention to the negative forms of willing verbs. In the grammatical explanation part, we should not only reasonably divide the meaning of the vantable verb, but also explain the transformation of its positive and negative forms, and give sufficient examples. It is hoped that through the study of this paper, we can determine the importance of negative form of can wish verbs in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and have positive guiding significance for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】