“来、去”非述人用法研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 19:52

本文选题：“来” + “去”　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语动词可以区分为“述人动词”和“非述人动词”两大类。迄今为止，动词研究的一系列重要成果主要体现在“述人动词”的研究方面，取得了丰硕的成果；关于“非述人动词”尚缺乏全面深入的专门考察，，对具体动词非述人用法的特点及其与述人用法的同异也还没有见到比较充分的详细分析。“来”和“去”是汉语中最常用的两个动词，使用频率高，用法复杂，前人对其句法、语义、语用特征及所构成的相关格式等方面多有关注，但对其非述人用法还没有专门的研究。本文综合运用配价理论、标记理论、认知语法等理论、方法，对现代汉语动词“来、去”非述人用法进行研究。本文的研究内容包括以下几个方面：首先是绪论部分，主要对目前关于“来、去”用法的研究现状进行总结，并说明本文研究的问题及意义。第一章针对“非述人动词”尚无专门阐释的情况，就什么是“非述人动词”做出界定，说明“非述人动词”包括哪些特征。而后在考察大量语料的基础上，归纳总结非述人“来、去”的意义特征，从词典释义和具体、抽象两个方面进行概括举例。第二章对非述人“来、去”的句法特征进行分析。动词根据是否可由动作发出者主观决定、自由支配，区分为自主动词和非自主动词。分析表明非述人“来、去”多是属于非自主范畴。由于汉语动词从及物和不及物的角度划分，是界限不清楚的分类，本文跳出及物不及物的角度，从配价理论出发，将非述人“来、去”分别划分为一价动词和二价动词。二价动词后可带宾语，进而对非述人“来、去”带宾能力进行了考察。“来、去”一直是现代汉语中重要的趋向动词，我们将其非述人用法做趋向补语加以分类，并分析祈使功能中肯定祈使和否定祈使的运用。第三章阐释“来、去”非述人用法的对称、不对称性。对称性体现在非述人“来、去”带宾类型对称、后接补语语义类型的对称及形式、意义特征的对称三个方面。不对称性体现在适应句型的不对称和句法功能的不对称两个方面。第四章主要从能否构成连动结构、是否能做趋向补语和自主性强弱等角度对非述人“来、去”和述人“来、去”用法做比较描写。本文的研究采取描写与解释相结合、归纳和演绎相结合的研究方法，致力于论述常用动词“来、去”非述人用法的语义、句法、语用方面有哪些特点，与述人“来、去”用法有哪些相同和不同之处。为今后更全面地研究“非述人动词”及兼用动词的非述人用法打下一定的基础。
[Abstract]:Chinese verbs can be divided into two categories: narrator verbs and non-declarative verbs. So far, a series of important achievements in the study of verbs have been mainly reflected in the research of "human verbs", and they have achieved fruitful results, and there is still a lack of a comprehensive and in-depth special investigation on "non-human verbs". The characteristics of the use of specific verbs and their similarities and differences with their usage have not been fully analyzed in detail. "Lai" and "go" are the two most commonly used verbs in Chinese, with high frequency of use and complicated usage. Previous scholars have paid more attention to their syntactic, semantic, pragmatic features and related forms. However, there is no special research on its non-declarative usage. Based on the theories of valence theory, marker theory, cognitive grammar and so on, this paper makes a study of the use of the verb "Lai" and "go" in modern Chinese. The research content of this paper includes the following aspects: first, the introduction part, mainly summarizes the present research status of the usage of "come, go", and explains the problems and significance of this study. The first chapter defines what is a "non-narrator verb" and explains the characteristics of the "non-declarative verb" in view of the fact that there is no special explanation for "non-narrator verb". Then, on the basis of investigating a large number of data, the author summarizes the meaning characteristics of "come, go" of non-narrator, and generalizes and gives examples from two aspects of lexicon interpretation, concrete and abstract. The second chapter analyzes the syntactic features of the non-narrator "come, go". Verbs are divided into autonomous verbs and non-autonomous verbs according to whether they can be determined by the action issuer. The analysis shows that the non-narrator "come, go" mostly belongs to the category of non-autonomy. Since Chinese verbs are classified from the angle of transitivity and intransitivity, they are classified with unclear boundaries. From the perspective of transitivity intransitivity and from the theory of valence, this paper divides the "coming and going" of non-narratives into univalent verbs and bivalent verbs, respectively. The bivalent verb can be followed by an object, and then the ability of the non-narrator to "come, go" is investigated. "come, go" has always been an important directional verb in modern Chinese. We classify its non-narrator usage as directional complement and analyze the use of positive imperative and negative imperative in imperative function. The third chapter explains the symmetry and asymmetry of non-narrator usage. Symmetry is embodied in three aspects: "coming, going", symmetry with object type, symmetry and form of semantic type followed by complement, and symmetry of meaning characteristics. Asymmetry is embodied in the asymmetry of sentence pattern and the asymmetry of syntactic function. The fourth chapter mainly describes the usage of "come, go" and "go" from the angles of whether the structure of continuous action can be formed, whether the tendency complement can be made and whether the autonomy is strong or not. The fourth chapter makes a comparative description of the usage of "come, go" and "go" of non-narrator. The research in this paper is based on the combination of description and interpretation, induction and deduction. It is devoted to expounding the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic characteristics of the common verb "come" and "non-narrator". What are the similarities and differences in the use of "go"? It will lay a foundation for a more comprehensive study on the use of "non-declarative verbs" and "non-declarative verbs" in the future.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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