同符合体字研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 22:31

本文选题：同符合体字 + 字形结构　；参考：《福建师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本篇论文研究的是汉字中的同符合体字这一特殊字形。论文通过对历代传世文献和出土文献中的同符合体字进行共时的分析与历时的比较,以尽可能多的字例对这一类特殊的汉字进行结构上的阐释与表意类型的探讨,并叙其流变,分析同符合体字的演化情况。论文共分四个部分：绪论部分指明同符合体字的概念和研究的对象和范围、研究的方法及意义。第一章主要讨论同符合体字的结构特点。同符合体字从构件的数量上分为二符合体字、三符合体字、四符合体字,还有若干字是由四个以上构件组成的。一般来说,构件数量不同起区别字义的作用,也有二符、三符、四符而无别的情况。同符合体字排列方式表现为：二符合体字的排列方式主要有左右并列和上下相叠两种形式；三符合体字左右结构的有左中右横排并列和左一右二两种形式,上下结构主要有“品”字三角形、倒三角形结构、上中下纵向并列三种形式；四合及四合以上的同符合体字排列形式较为单一,多以“(?)”形的方块结构为主。同符合体字独体构件相对位置主要表现在二符合体字上,主要有左右结构的“同向”、“对称”、“相背”、“相向”；上下结构的“层叠”、“错位相承或相背”。一般来说,构件的相对位置不同会起到区别字义的作用。同符合体字以这种独特的方式表现出了汉字特殊的审美要求和汉民族的造字心理。第二章探讨同符合体字的结构类型,并将构成同符合体字的部件进行归类,然后分析同符合体字的表意类型。同符合体字既包括学界公认的所谓“同符会意字”,还包括一些象形字、指事字和其它类。同符会意字按其构件的表义功能又可以分为会形合成字和会义合成字。构成部件是同符合体字的基础,我们可以按照同符合体字的构成部件对其进行分类,从中可以反映这一类汉字在表意类型上的倾向。同符合体字的构成部件取象来源主要有：人、人的身体部位或与人相关,自然世界,物化世界和某些抽象概念,正是“近取诸身,远取诸物”的体现。这些构成部件以数量上的增益和位置上的更迭或表示位置关系,或表示数量,或表示性质、程度、状态的加强与减弱,或表示施受关系。第三章,论文的最后一部分主要讨论同符合体字的演化情况,从历时的角度看,同符合体字与非同符合体字常常相互转化,同符合体字之间也会因讹化或俗写的原因相互转化。同符合体字因其固有的缺陷被淘汰,也因其“以形为义,见形知义”的优势被保留到现行汉字中。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we study the homotypic characters in Chinese characters. Through the synchronic analysis and diachronic comparison of the homotypic characters in the successive and unearthed documents, this paper discusses the structural interpretation and the ideographic types of this kind of special Chinese characters with as many characters as possible, and describes their rheology. This paper analyzes the evolution of homotypic characters. The thesis is divided into four parts: The introduction points out the concept, object and scope of the study, the method and significance of the research. The first chapter mainly discusses the structural characteristics of homotypic characters. In terms of the number of components, the homotypic characters are divided into two conformance characters, three conformance characters, four conformance characters, and several characters are composed of more than four components. Generally speaking, there are two characters, three characters, four characters and no difference in the number of components. The arrangement of the same type characters is as follows: the two matching characters are arranged in two forms, the left, the middle, the right, and the left, the middle and the right, and the left, the second, the right, the second, the left, the second, the right, the left, and the second, the left, the right and the left. The top and bottom structure mainly have "article" character triangle, inverted triangle structure, top, middle and bottom vertical juxtaposition. Shape of the main block structure. The relative position of the homozygous structure is mainly reflected in the two consistent characters, including the "same direction", "symmetry", "back" and "opposite" of the left and right structures, and the "stacking" and "misalignment" of the upper and lower structures. In general, the relative position of the component will play a role in differentiating the meaning of the word. In this unique way, the homotypic characters show the special aesthetic requirements of Chinese characters and the psychology of Chinese characters. The second chapter discusses the structural types of homotypic characters, classifies the components that constitute the same type characters, and then analyzes the ideographic types of homotypic characters. Homotypic characters not only include the so-called "synonyms and meanings", but also include some pictographs, referring to things and other types. Synonyms can be divided into synonyms and synonyms according to their functions. The component part is the basis of the homotypic character, and we can classify it according to the component part of the homotypic character, from which we can reflect the tendency of this kind of Chinese character in the ideographic type. The main sources of the components which accord with the characters are: man, the body part of the human body or related to man, the natural world, the materialized world and some abstract concepts, which is the embodiment of "taking away the body near the body and taking the things far". These components represent the relation of position, quantity, nature, degree, strengthening and weakening of the state, or the relation of giving and receiving in terms of the quantity gain and the change of position. In the third chapter, the last part of the paper mainly discusses the evolution of identical type characters. From a diachronic point of view, identical type characters and non-identical type characters often transform each other, and the same type characters will also transform each other for the reasons of falsehood or vulgar writing. Homotypic characters are eliminated because of their inherent defects, and because of their advantages of "taking form as the meaning, seeing the form and knowing the meaning", which is retained in the current Chinese characters.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H122

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