汉语动词复制句的生成语法研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 04:09

本文选题：动词复制句 + 分类　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在探讨汉语动词复制句。动词复制句指的是一个简单句中含有两个相同的动词，分别带上宾语和补语。以往的研究者分别从句法层面探讨动词复制句的生成机制，或从语义层面论述其结构特征及语义特点。本文尝试结合句法和语义两个层面重新探讨动词复制句，以求解决以下问题：1）动词复制句的构成条件；2）动词复制强制性和选择性的构成条件；3）VP_2后面时间、频度短语的句法地位；4）动词复制句生成过程及V_1和V_2的句法地位。针对上述第一个问题，基于Hoekstra (1990,1992)提出的事件类型，我们认为只有动词所表现的事件活动可以重复和延续，其事件类型为no-telic时，，才能够成动词复制句。关于第二个问题，本文将动词复制句重新分为结果性动词复制句和描述性动词复制句，其区别在于VP_2是否为VP1提供活动的结点。结果性“得”字动词复制句中，VP_2为VP1提供动作的结点，表示动作的完成，因此动词需要复制。描述性“得”字动词复制句中，VP_2只对VP1活动的情态性质进行语义描写，不表示动作的完成，因此动词并非一定复制。关于第三个问题，根据黄正德（1994）修正的题元层级性理论，我们认为：一方面，不能形成“无指宾语+补语”的句子，但能形成有指宾语+补语的句子。另一方面，补语+宾语可以投射为一个更大的名词短语,形成补语+无指/有指宾语的句子。由此，我们更深地解释了含时间或频度补语时动词复制的可选性，也得出动词复制句强制性和可选性的选择与其分类无关。关于动词复制句的生成，我们将结果性“得”和“了”看做体标记词,相当于英语中的曲折语素，它们具有依附动词的特征，动词复制既满足了表示完成体态的“得”和“了”能够在句中实现，又满足了动词对宾语DP的特征核查。因此，我们认为V_1为复制动词，V_2为源动词，但V_2只是为了实现曲折语素的语音形式，并无实质性的语义内涵。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to probe into Chinese verb duplicated sentences. A verb replica refers to a simple sentence that contains two identical verbs, with objects and complements, respectively. Previous researchers have explored the mechanism of verb replication from syntactic level, or discussed its structural and semantic characteristics from the semantic level. This paper attempts to re-explore the verb replicative sentence at the syntactic and semantic levels in order to solve the following problem: 1) the composition condition of the verb replicative sentence / 2) the mandatory and selective composition condition of the verb replicative sentence. The syntactic status of frequent phrases and the syntactic status of VSTs 1 and VSP 2. In view of the above first question, based on the type of events proposed by Hoekstra / 1990 / 1992, we think that only the event activities represented by verbs can be repeated and continued, and only when the event type is no-telic, can the verb be duplicated. On the second question, this paper redivides the verb replicative sentence into the resultant verb replicative sentence and the descriptive verb replicative sentence. The difference lies in whether VP_2 provides the node of activity for VP1. In the verb replication sentence of resultant word "de", VPs2 provides the node of action for VP1, indicating the completion of action, so the verb needs to be duplicated. The descriptive "de" verb replicating sentence only describes the modal nature of the VP1 activity, but does not mean the completion of the action, so the verb is not necessarily duplicated. With regard to the third question, according to Huang Zhengde's theory of meta-hierarchy revised in 1994, we think that on the one hand, we can not form a sentence with "no object complement", but can form a sentence with a reference to an object complement. On the other hand, a complement object can be projected into a larger noun phrase to form a sentence with a complement without a finger or a reference object. Therefore, we further explain the selectability of verb replication with time or frequency complement, and conclude that the choice of mandatory and optional verb replicative sentence is independent of its classification. As for the generation of verb replicative sentences, we regard the resultant "get" and "have" as aspect markers, which are equivalent to the tortuous morphemes in English, and they have the characteristics of dependent verbs. Verb replication not only satisfies the realization of "de" and "already" in the sentence, but also satisfies the verification of the verb's feature of object DP. Therefore, we think that V _ S _ 1 is a replica verb and V _ 2 is a source verb, but V _ S _ 2 is only intended to realize the phonetic form of tortuous morpheme, and has no substantive semantic connotation.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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