汉语女性隐喻人际修辞研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 11:35

本文选题：女性隐喻 + 人际修辞　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：女性隐喻是言说者利用女性的身份表达自己的观点的一种语言现象。其中，女性所处的人际关系映射言说者所处的人际关系，女性在不同的人际关系中的规约化行为要求，相应地隐喻自己或者听者所应采取的行为，即，交际意图。比如朱庆馀的《近试上张水部》（廖仲安，李华，李景华，2007，p.522）就是运用女性隐喻的一个成功案例。洞房昨夜停红烛，待晓堂前拜舅姑。妆罢低声问夫婿，画眉深浅入时无。此例中女性隐喻对应的映射是新妇和朱庆馀自己，舅姑和主考官，夫婿和张籍，画眉好坏和朱庆馀才情怎样，画眉是否合乎公婆的心意和主考官是否会看中朱庆馀的才华，它亦是此女性隐喻的交际目的。由规约化了的婆媳关系可知，我们很容易理解新妇担心她会否得到舅姑的欢心，同理，朱庆馀在面对主考官时为自己能否被主考官看中而忐忑不安也很容易理解。朱庆馀利用这个隐喻，将自己和张籍的关系置于新婚夫妻的关系之中，拉近了彼此之间的距离，增加了彼此的亲密度。规约化了的妻子对丈夫的依赖和顺从特点维护了对方的权威，满足了张籍的积极面子需求。这样一个女性隐喻展示了朱庆馀的才华和在人际交际上的努力，实现了自己的交际意图。作为一种间接言语手段，女性隐喻是古汉语中实现礼貌，满足面子需求的重要方式。迄今为止，人们已经从修辞，文化，文学方面对其进行多学科研究，很少有人将女性隐喻中的性别因素作为言说者在人际交往中的一种态度进行动态的人际修辞研究，这种动态体现在人际关系的变化之中。本文基于Leech (1983)的人际修辞（IR），主要涉及到礼貌原则（PP），反讽原则（IP）和调侃原则（BP），和BrownLevinson(1978)的面子理论（FST），结合顾曰国（1992）和王建华（2001,2002）对汉语礼貌的研究，寻找女性隐喻的语用机制。本文分为五章，主要内容如下：第一章是引言，介绍本文研究动机、研究对象、研究方法、所用语料、分析方法和结构布局。第二章为文献综述，回顾相关女性隐喻研究，分析这些研究所存在的的不足之处，发现本文研究的目的。第三章是理论框架，介绍Leech（1983）的人际修辞理论，主要是礼貌原则，反讽原则和调侃原则，BrownLevinson（1978）的面子理论以及顾曰国（1992）对汉语礼貌的研究和王建华（2001，2002）的语用距离研究，以及其研究女性隐喻的可行性。第四章是语料分析和讨论。首先描写为此项研究所搜集的286例女性隐喻现象，并通过女性所承担的家庭角色和社会角色进行分类，挖掘其映射的人际关系以及言外之意，即，，在考虑到交际者所扮演的角色的社会规约性权利和义务的情况下，交际者应该要采取的行动。第五章为结语，总结全文内容，归纳本文的贡献和意义，即，女性隐喻的语用机制，主要是以下三点： 1.言说者利用女性身上规约化了的优势如美貌，贤德等来隐喻言说者的才能和品质，表现自己的价值，迎合了对方的需要，既满足了对方的积极面子，又能表达想要被欣赏的意图。 2.言说者利用女性身上规约化了的劣势转化为优势，表面上看是在贬低自己，实际上是在间接表现自己的价值。积极的自我形象使一种潜在的威胁面子的行为满足了对方的积极面子需求，达到双赢的效果。或者正相反，言说者利用女性未能履行某些规约性义务或者违背了某些规约性限制进行讽刺之事，尽量减低对对方面子威胁的程度。 3.言说者利用女性隐喻拉大言说者与听者之间的距离，表示礼貌，满足对方的积极面子需求，使双方的语用距离呈现出一种动态的、可洽商的状态，更好地维护甚至提高双方的人际关系，达成交际目的。显然，本文同时对汉语礼貌和面子维护研究以及语用修辞研究做出了贡献。最后，指出本文的不足，为将来的研究提出一些建议。
[Abstract]:Female metaphor is a language phenomenon that the speaker uses the identity of a woman to express his views. Among them, the interpersonal relationship of women is mapped by the interpersonal relationship of the speaker, the women's behavioral requirements in different interpersonal relationships, and the corresponding behavior, that is, the communicative intention. Qing Yu's near test Zhang Shui bu (Liao Zhongan, Li Hua, Li Jinghua, 2007, p.522) is a successful example of using feminine metaphor.
The bridal chamber stopped red candles last night, and asked the aunt before dawn.
In this case, the mapping of the female metaphor is the new woman and Zhu Qingyu himself, the uncle and the main examiner, the husband and the Zhang book, the good and bad of the thrush and the Zhu Qingyu's talent, whether the thrush meets the intention of the woman in law and whether the main examiner will look at Zhu Qingyu's talent, it is also the intersection of the female metaphor. It is easy to understand that the new woman is worried about whether she will be happy with her uncle. In the same way, Zhu Qingyu can easily understand whether she can be disturbed by the examiner when he faces the main examiner. Zhu Qingyu uses this metaphor to put the relationship between himself and the Zhang book in the relationship between the newlyweds, the distance between each other, and the increase of each other. The degree of intimacy. The regulated wife's dependence and obedience to her husband maintains the authority of the other party and satisfies the positive face of the Zhang. This female metaphor shows Zhu Qingyu's talent and interpersonal communication efforts and realizes his communicative intention.
As an indirect speech means, female metaphor is an important way to realize politeness in ancient Chinese and meet the needs of face. So far, people have studied it from the aspects of rhetorical, cultural and literary aspects. Few people take the gender factors in female metaphor as a dynamic person in the attitude of the speaker in interpersonal communication. It is based on Leech (1983)'s interpersonal rhetoric (IR), which mainly involves the politeness principle (PP), the irony principle (IP) and the ridicule principle (BP), and the face theory (FST) of BrownLevinson (1978), and the study of the politeness of Chinese in Japanese (1992) and Wang Jianhua (20012002) and the search for women The pragmatic mechanism of sexual metaphor.
This article is divided into five chapters, the main contents are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the motivation, object, method, corpus, method and structure of the research.
The second chapter is literature review, reviews related female metaphor studies, analyzes the shortcomings of these studies, and finds the purpose of this study.
The third chapter is the theoretical framework, which introduces the interpersonal rhetorical theory of Leech (1983), mainly politeness principle, irony principle and ridicule principle, BrownLevinson (1978) face theory as well as the study of Japanese politeness in Chinese (1992) and Wang Jianhua (20012002) pragmatic distance study, as well as the feasibility of studying female metaphor.
The fourth chapter is the analysis and discussion of the corpus. First, it describes 286 cases of female metaphors collected by this study, and classifies the family and social roles of women, and excavates the interpersonal relationship and the implication of their mapping, that is, the social statute rights and obligations of the roles played by the communicators. Next, the interlocutor should take action.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion, summarizing the content of the full text and concluding the contribution and significance of this article, that is, the pragmatic mechanism of female metaphor is mainly the following three points:
The 1. speakers make use of the advantages such as beauty, virtuous and virtuous, such as beauty, virtuous and virtuous, to demonstrate their abilities and qualities, to show their own value, to meet the needs of the other, to satisfy both the positive face of the other and to express the intention to be appreciated.
The 2. speaker, on the other hand, makes use of the inferiority of the women's statute. On the surface, it is to degrade himself, in fact, to show its own value. A positive self image makes a potential threat to face the positive face of the other. Or, on the contrary, the speaker uses women. It is possible to perform certain contractual obligations or violate certain restrictive restrictions to minimize irony.
The 3. speaker uses the female metaphor to draw the distance between the speaker and the listener to express politeness, to meet the positive face demand of the other, and to make the pragmatic distance of both parties present a dynamic and negotiable state, to better maintain and even improve the interpersonal relationship between the two parties, and to achieve the purpose of the transaction.
Obviously, this paper also contributes to the study of politeness and face maintenance and the study of pragmatic rhetoric at the same time. Finally, it points out the shortcomings of this article and puts forward some suggestions for future research.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H15

【参考文献】