汉语处所范畴句法表达的构式研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 18:08

本文选题：处所范畴 + “V＋N处所”构式　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文从认知出发，将四种与处所范畴相关的句法结构统一到构式的大框架下，从构式的角度对这四种句法结构进行了重新分析。全文共分为五章：第一章：绪论。本章论述了本文的选题意义，回顾了相关的已有研究，介绍了本文的语料来源、主要内容、可能的创新点。第二章：非常规关系下的“V＋N处所”的构式研究。本章主要考察了非常规关系下的“V＋N处所”构式的产生动因、词汇化机制、构件特点、语境依赖度、构式义与“P＋N处所＋V”的区别等问题。影响该构式产生的动因主要是述题化和语法化；高频的促动、动宾结构的仿用、构式化是促成其词汇化的三个机制；构式中的动词动性极弱，体现的主要是抽象义，而处所名词通过述题化变成了非典型的受事论元，属于基本层次范畴；该构式对语境的依赖度与结构的自足度成反比，与语用推理度成正比；具有选择性应该是从该构式提炼出来的抽象构式义；非常规关系下的“V＋N处所”构式与“P＋N处所＋V”相比，在形义关系、处所格的角色突显度、语境的使用条件等方面均存在着一定的差异。第三章：“把＋O＋VR＋L”的构式研究。本章主要对“把＋O＋VR＋L”构式的分类、特点进行了考察，并从构式的路径图式、构式的主观性及构式义等角度对其作了认知角度的分析。根据该构式的种种表现形式，我们可以将其分为基本式、引申式和各种变式等三类；该构式既表达了对具体物象进行处置导致的位移，也表达了对抽象物象进行处置导致的位移；该构式绝大多数都是独立存在的构式，可以进入句子层面单独成句，但也有一些是进入句子的下位组合，作为句子成分出现的；该构式中，“把”隐去的难易程度与其后宾语的生命度、控制度密切相关;受语体的影响，“把”后宾语以短小语块为主；动介式VR与动趋式VR中动词的语义特征有一定差异，处所格L在构式中表达的语义有所不同，其隐现的情况也会随之不同；该构式的信息安排完全符合由旧到新的信息格局，体现了路径图式，在实际使用中绝大部分都具有明显的主观性，，其构式义为“使位移主体产生位移，有新的着落点”。第四章：“VO＋N处所”的构式研究。本章概括了“VO＋N处所”构式中各个构件的特点，从构式的理据性、象似性和语用理解等角度对其进行了认知语用分析，指出了该构式与“坐沙发”类构式的差异。“VO＋N处所”构式中的VO结构的扩展能力有大小，其概念语义也存在不同的情况，而根据不同属性特征N处所也可以分出不同类别；该构式的形成，有其自己的理据性，它是语义和语用共同语法化的结果，同时高频率地使用也是导致了该构式大量出现的主要原因；该构式是由动作事件和处所事件这两个有相关性的概念通过截搭整合在一起而形成的；从外部结构来看，“VO＋N处所”是无标记的，但从信息传递的角度来看，“VO＋N处所”又是一个有标记的结构；“VO＋N处所”构式适合在新闻标题或广告语等篇幅受限的语体中出现；该构式的语力表达，由于VO与N处所的整合度相对较高而使整个结构的语气得到增强，似乎隐含了一种结果，表示一种已然，突显了事件性；该构式与非常规关系下的“V＋N处所”构式的不同主要体现在以下几个方面：动词性成分对语体有不同的影响、处所名词的构成不同、语义理解难度上存在差异、动词的价数不同、构式的扩展能力不同。第五章：“在＋处所”的构式研究。本章将“在＋处所”构式分为动前构式“在＋L＋VP”和动后构式“V＋在＋L”两种子构式，着重对这两个子构式各自的构件特点、不同的意象图式、不同的语用理解进行了分析，并从构件特征的角度出发对这两个子构式之间的变换进行了解析。在“在＋L＋VP”子构式中，L在语义上具有空间性的语义特征，都是具有有界性的，而VP的构成是极其复杂的，从认知角度来看该子构式象似性地体现了汉语中对于“场景先于目的物”这样一种空间表达形式；在“V＋在＋L”子构式中，L主要表达的是具体的物理空间，该构式对动词有较为严格的限制，从认知角度来看该子构式基本上体现了一种线性的路径图式；这两个子构式在很多情况下是可以互相变换的，但由于构式内部构件特征的影响，两个子构式在有些情况下的变换是受到限制的。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of cognition, this paper reanalyzes the four syntactic structures of four syntactic structures related to the category of the locative category from the perspective of structure. The full text is divided into five chapters.
Chapter 1: introduction. This chapter discusses the significance of this topic, reviews related research, and introduces the source, main content and possible innovation of this corpus.
The second chapter: the structure research of "V + N place" under the unconventional relationship. This chapter mainly examines the causes of the formation of "V + N premises" under the unconventional relationship, the lexicalization mechanism, the characteristics of the component, the context dependence, the difference between the construction meaning and the "P + N site + V". Legalization; high frequency stimulation, imitation of the structure of movable object and construction are three mechanisms to facilitate the remittance of the word; the verb in the structure is very weak and embodies mainly abstract meaning, and the noun of the premises becomes an atypical subject matter element, which belongs to the basic level category, and its dependence on context and the self-sufficiency of the structure Inverse ratio is directly proportional to the degree of pragmatic inference; the selectivity should be abstract structure meaning extracted from the structure; the "V + N place" structure under the unconventional relationship is different from the "P + N site + V", and there are certain differences in the relation of form and meaning, the prominence of the role and the conditions of the use of the context.
The third chapter is to study the structure of + O + VR + L. This chapter mainly investigates the classification and characteristics of "+ O + VR + L" structure, and analyzes its cognitive perspective from the perspective of the structure's path schemata, the subjectivity and the structure meaning. Three types of extension and variant form; the structure not only expresses the displacement caused by the disposal of the specific object, but also expresses the displacement caused by the disposal of the abstract object; most of the constructions are independent constructions and can enter the sentence level alone, but some are the subordinate combinations of the sentences, as a sentence. Subcomponents appear; in this structure, the degree of difficulty of "going" is closely related to the degree of control of the object's life and the degree of control; subject to the influence of the language, the post object is dominated by the short chunks; the semantic features of the verb in the verb VR and the dynamic VR are different, and the semantic meaning expressed in the form of the L is different. The information arrangement of this structure is completely consistent with the information pattern from the old to the new, which embodies the path schema, and most of them have obvious subjectivity in the actual use, and the structure meaning is "making the displacement main body displaced and having a new falling point".
The fourth chapter: the structure study of "VO + N place". This chapter summarizes the characteristics of each component in the structure of "VO + N", and carries out cognitive and pragmatic analysis from the perspective of constructional motivation, iconicity and pragmatic understanding. It points out the difference between the structure and the "sitting sofa" structure. The expansion of the structure of the "VO + N site" is the expansion of the structure of VO. The ability of the exhibition is large and large, and its conceptual semantics also exist in different situations, and the N premises can be divided into different categories according to the characteristics of different attributes; the formation of this structure has its own motivation, which is the result of the syngramming of semantics and pragmatics. At the same time, the use of high frequency is also the main cause of the formation of the structure. Form is formed by intercepting and integrating the two related concepts of action events and site events. From the external structure, "VO + N premises" are unmarked, but from the point of view of information transmission, "VO + N premises" is a marked structure; the "VO + N premises" structure is suitable for news headlines or The appearance of a limited language such as advertising language; the expression of the structure, which has enhanced the tone of the whole structure because of the relatively high integration of VO and N sites, appears to imply a kind of result, showing a kind of already, highlighting the event nature; the structure is different from the structure of "V + N" under the unconventional relationship. In the following aspects: the verb elements have different influence on the style of the language, the composition of the noun of the place is different, the difficulty of the semantic understanding is different, the number of the verb is different, and the expansion ability of the structure is different.
The fifth chapter: "in + place", this chapter divides the "in + place" structure into the two seed structure of "+ L + VP" and "V + in + L", with emphasis on the analysis of the component characteristics, different image schemas and different pragmatic understanding of the two sub structures, and from the angle of component features. The transformation between the two substructures is analyzed. In the "+ L + VP" substructure, the semantic features of L have spatial semantic features, all of which are bounded, and the composition of VP is extremely complex. From the cognitive perspective, the constitutive expression of the substructure reflects the "Scene precedes the object" in Chinese. The form of spatial expression; in the "V + in + L" substructure, L mainly expresses a specific physical space, which is strictly limited to verbs. From a cognitive point of view, the substructure is basically a linear path schema; the two substructures can be transformed in many cases, but due to the structure type. The influence of the characteristics of internal components, the transformation of the two sub structure in some cases is limited.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【引证文献】