关于“给”及其相关句式的思考

发布时间：2018-06-02 18:11

本文选题：给 + 给予义　；参考：《天津师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语涉及“给”字和“给”字句的问题很多。本文对以往各学者的研究成果进行了较为全面的梳理,在此基础上就“给”的词性、给予类动词及“给”字句的相关问题进行了探析,而特别对学界争议较多、结论模棱两可的几个方面的问题,尝试性地做了一些可能的研究。首先,通过翻阅大量文献对“给”字做历时考察,了解了“给”字作为动词早在先秦时期就已产生,在此基础上对“给”与“与”的关系及此时期“给”字用法的一些特点进行解释。继而在后续小节中对导致“给”字虚化为介词的许多因素进行了讨论,同时也顺带对“给”字的助词用法做出分析,认为：“给VP”中的“给”由于其后不再支配任何名词性成分,因此这里“给”为助词而非介词。其次,论文在朱德熙先生所提出的“给”字四类句式的基础上对“给”字句及“给”字结构框架下的句法问题做了相应探索,认为这四类句式在句法与语用上存在着千丝万缕的联系,S2与S3是其中基础性的“给”字句,其他相关句式则都是由此衍生出来的。再次,“给”字不仅可以表示“给予”,还可以表示“被动”与“处置”等多种语法意义,同时还有一种更特殊的用法——“给”字兼语句。笔者通过对这些特殊用法的典型句式进行分析,得出一系列的形式特点及语义特征,如“给”字后的V可加结果补语构成的VP为动结式,也可以加趋向补语构成的VP为动趋式等等。
[Abstract]:There are a lot of problems in modern Chinese about the word "give" and the word "give". In this paper, the author makes a comprehensive analysis of the research results of the previous scholars, and on the basis of this, analyzes the relative problems of the part of speech, the verb of giving and the sentence of the word "give", especially on the basis of which there are many controversies in academic circles. Conclusion some possible studies are made on the ambiguity in some aspects. First of all, by looking through a large number of documents to make a diachronic investigation of the word "give", we understand that the word "giving" has been produced as a verb as early as the pre-Qin period. On this basis, this paper explains the relationship between giving and some features of the usage of "give" in this period. Then, in the following sections, the author discusses many factors that lead to "giving" as a preposition, and at the same time, analyzes the usage of auxiliary words of "giving". It is believed that the "giving" in "giving VP" is not a preposition but an auxiliary word because it no longer controls any noun elements. Secondly, on the basis of the four kinds of sentence patterns of "giving" proposed by Mr. Zhu Dexi, the thesis explores the syntactic problems under the frame of "giving" and "giving". It is believed that these four types of sentence patterns are inextricably related to syntax and pragmatics. Among them, S _ 2 and S _ 3 are the basic "given" sentences, and other related sentence patterns are derived from them. Thirdly, the word "give" can not only mean "give", but also "passivity" and "disposition" and so on. At the same time, there is a more special use-giving word and sentence. By analyzing the typical sentence patterns of these special usages, the author obtains a series of formal and semantic features, such as the VP formed by the V additive complement after the word "give" is a verb-resultant. It is also possible to add the VP of the directional complement for the movement-trend and so on.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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