现代汉语合成词的形素和态素

发布时间：2018-06-04 16:53

本文选题：合成词 + 语素义　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：对汉语合成词的语素义分析是精确阐释词义的基础。从意义范畴的角度看，合成词的全部语素都可纳入特定的意义范畴，表示事物形态意义的语素就是其中之一。不过，汉语合成词中表示形态意义的语素就其语素义而言存在比较明显的差别，有的是单纯表示事物几何形状或图形意义的，有的则是表示物质的诸如颜色、声音、气味、滋味、姿态、质感、物质聚合态等化学、物理状态的，也有的是二者兼具的，因而，出于词义分析的精确性以及对外汉语词汇教学的需要，形态语素仍然可以继续分化出次范畴，即表示形状意义的语素和表示状态意义的语素，在本文中分别简称为“形素”和“态素”。长期以来，人们对于合成词语素的形态意义的认识基本上处于界限不清的状态，其主要原因有三个：一是对“形”和“态”的概念界限不清，而更深层的原因是对“形”和“态”的认识凭借的是个体经验，，缺乏两者赖以存在的科学背景，无法从科学背景上划定二者的界限；二是对合成词语素义的分析具有主观性或个体经验性，这种情况主要表现为对某个形素或态素意义的阐释很大程度上存在可争议性；三是相当一部分合成词语素表形和表态意义的综合性使得形素与态素难以剥离开。这些原因实际上是讨论形素和态素这一问题所面临的困难。从对汉语合成词形素和态素的考察情况看，形素与态素的界限总体上是明晰的，并且呈现比较明显的语义和语用特征。本论文以认知语言学的视觉认知理论和感知觉理论为指导，以现代汉语合成词为主要语料，结合对外汉语词汇教学，界定形素和态素，揭示形素和态素的认知基础以及语义特征，为对外汉语词汇教学提供学理支持，促进词汇学本体研究的进一步深化。本文共分为五章。第一章绪论。内容包括本论文的选题提出，选题的背景，论文的研究方法以及研究的目的和意义，论文的结构安排等。第二章形素。回答什么是形素，探讨形素在合成词中的语法分布，形素的认知模式，形素的意义表达类型，形素的语义类型和特征。第三章态素。回答什么是态素，探讨态素的意义表达类型，态素的意义和适用类型，以及在合成词中的语法分布情况。第四章形素和态素的历时考察。揭示形素和态素的传承性，以及在古今汉语中共性与差异。第五章结合对外汉语教学探讨形素和态素的教学价值，并提出相应的教学建议。
[Abstract]:The morpheme analysis of Chinese compound words is the basis for the precise interpretation of word meaning. From the perspective of meaning category, all morphemes of compound words can be included into specific meaning categories, and morpheme representing the morphological meaning of things is one of them. However, there are obvious differences in morpheme meaning between morpheme and morpheme in Chinese compound words, some of which simply represent the geometric shape or graphic meaning of things, and some represent substances such as color, sound, smell, etc. Taste, posture, texture, material aggregation and other chemical and physical states, and some have both. Therefore, due to the accuracy of word meaning analysis and the need of teaching vocabulary as a foreign language, Morpheme can continue to differentiate into subcategories, namely morpheme representing shape meaning and morpheme representing state meaning, which are referred to as "morpheme" and "state element" respectively in this paper. For a long time, people's understanding of the morphological meaning of the morpheme of synthetic words is basically in a state of unclear boundaries. The main reasons are as follows: first, the boundaries of the concepts of "form" and "state" are not clear. The deeper reason is that the understanding of "form" and "state" depends on individual experience, which lacks the scientific background on which both exist, and cannot delimit the boundaries of the two from the scientific background. Secondly, the analysis of morpheme meaning of synthetic words is subjective or individual experience, which mainly shows that the interpretation of a morpheme or morpheme is controversial to a great extent. Third, it is difficult to separate morpheme and morpheme from morpheme because of the synthesis of morpheme and declaration meaning. These reasons are in fact difficult to discuss the problem of morpheme and state prime. From the investigation of the morpheme and morpheme in Chinese, the boundary between morpheme and morpheme is clear, and it has obvious semantic and pragmatic features. This thesis is guided by the visual cognitive theory and perceptual perception theory of cognitive linguistics, uses modern Chinese compound words as the main corpus, and combines the teaching of Chinese vocabulary as a foreign language to define morpheme and morpheme. To reveal the cognitive basis and semantic characteristics of morpheme and morpheme, to provide theoretical support for vocabulary teaching in TCFL, and to promote the further study of lexicology ontology. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is introduction. The content includes the topic selection, the background, the research methods, the purpose and significance of the research, the structure of the thesis, and so on. The second chapter is a morphologic element. In this paper, the grammatical distribution of morpheme in compound words, the cognitive pattern of morpheme, the meaning expression type of morpheme, the semantic type and characteristics of morpheme are discussed. Chapter 3: state element. Answer what is a state prime, discuss the meaning expression type of state element, the meaning and applicable type of state element, and the grammatical distribution in compound words. Chapter four: diachronic investigation of morpheme and morpheme. It reveals the inheritance of morpheme and morpheme, as well as the commonness and difference in ancient and modern Chinese. Chapter five discusses the teaching value of morpheme and morpheme combined with teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and puts forward corresponding teaching suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】