译者主体性与翻译批评的多重视野

发布时间：2018-06-09 05:26

本文选题：翻译批评 + 多重视野　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：翻译批评是对翻译活动的思考和评价。长期以来,翻译批评往往局限在“文本批评”的范围内,以传统的“忠实”标准为唯一尺度对具体译作或译法作裁判性的正误是非判别。但是在对以往的翻译批评理论和翻译批评实践的考察中,我们发现了一个问题：在不同的翻译批评理论指导下,以不同的翻译标准和价值尺度去衡量同一翻译现象或同一文本,会有不同的甚至相反的评价。比如中国近代社会的某些译作,如果以传统的翻译标准,如“忠实”“信达雅”或者“信达切”去衡量,显然是不合格、不忠实的,但这些翻译确实在历史上起了重大影响,有着不可磨灭的历史贡献。由此我们发现,传统的以“忠实”为唯一标准、限于语言和文本的批评方法遇到了挑战,似乎难以真正承担起应有的责任。随着翻译研究的文化转向和社会学转向,研究者不再局限在以往单纯的语言文字的转换或是文学文本的风格、翻译的标准等问题上,而是将翻译放到一个宏大的文化语境中去重新审视,同时,发现和开始重视译者在整个翻译过程中所起的作用。本篇论文正是在此背景中展开。笔者认为,翻译批评不应囿于翻译的语言层面和翻译作品本身,企图设定一个僵硬的标准去对比原文和译作,而应将关注的视野从文本向更广阔、更开放的领域拓展,将关注的重点集中到作为翻译主体的译者身上。基于此,本文的主体部分将以译者及其翻译活动为重点考察对象,对翻译批评的维度和视野进行反思与重新审视。在甄选考察对象的时候,将时间范围确定为1840年鸦片战争开始到1919年五四运动前后这段时间,选取几位最重要、最有影响力并且争议最多的翻译家及其作品进行研究。本论文除引言和结论外分为三章。引言部分提出了翻译批评中一个值得思考的矛盾现象,翻译标准无法恰当评价某些翻译现象和翻译作品,由此提出要构建翻译批评的多重视野,关注译者主体。并就本论文的理论背景、研究思路、考察对象、研究价值和整体结构进行陈述。第一章从介绍翻译批评的现状入手,说明长期以来,翻译批评往往局限在“语言和文本批评”的范围内,以“忠实”为唯一评价标准。这样的标准和方法却使翻译批评在实际操作过程中遇到很多问题和矛盾。因此,翻译批评不应再囿于翻译的语言层面和翻译作品本身,而应“走向译者”,从译者主体的角度探讨翻译活动的全过程。基于第一章的认识,第二章将从译者主体出发,选取中国19世纪末至20世纪初最重要、最有影响力并且争议最多的几位翻译家为例,以他们的翻译为考察对象,着重从三方面进行探讨：一,翻译目的和拟议文本的选择；该时期内译者的翻译目的统一在“救亡图存”的宏伟目标之中,为此,他们的拟议文本经历了从西方社会科学著作到文学作品的过程,预设读者群体也从最初的士大夫阶层转变到普通大众。二,翻译观、文化观与翻译策略的选择；这一时期的译者往往采取归化的翻译策略,综合运用增添、删减、改写等多种具体方法,这样的选择主要受两大因素的影响,即他们的翻译观和翻译价值观、文化态度和文化立场。三,社会历史文化背景等外部因素对近代翻译的客观制约和影响。作为翻译批评的实践尝试,本章的论述采用理论结合实例的方法,根据不同的分析角度选取一定的理论,以借助理论更好地分析现象、探究原因。根据第二章的具体分析和考察,本文第三章将通过实践反观理论,从理论的角度对翻译批评的维度和视野进行反思和审视。提出要构建翻译批评的多重视野,不能拘泥于语言和文本比较的层面,把“忠实”视为唯一评价尺度,而应发现和重视译者的主体作用,关注其对翻译的认识和定位,同时,在翻译批评中要从特定的历史环境出发,关注不同的政治、文化因素,坚持历史观和文化观。结论部分总结了前三章的论证过程,说明本论文的研究是一次理论联系实践的尝试,同时指出了本研究的成果和存在的不足,期待后续研究的跟进。
[Abstract]:Translation criticism is a reflection and evaluation of translation activities. For a long time, translation criticism is often confined to the scope of "text criticism", and the traditional "faithfulness" standard is the only criterion for the judgment of the specific translation or translation. However, in the study of the previous theory of translation criticism and the practice of translation criticism, A problem is found: under the guidance of different theories of translation criticism, different translation criteria and value scales are used to measure the same translation phenomenon or the same text, and there will be different or even contrary evaluations. For example, some translations of modern Chinese society, such as "faithfulness", "XinDa elegance" or "letter" It is obviously unqualified and unfaithful, but these translations have indeed played a major impact in history and have an indelible historical contribution. As a result, we find that the traditional criterion of "faithfulness" as the only standard, which is limited to language and text, seems to be challenging, and it seems that it is difficult to take due responsibility. The cultural and sociological turn of translation studies is not limited to the previous simple translation of language or language, the style of literary text, and the standard of translation. It is to reexamine the translation in a grand cultural context, and to find and begin to attach importance to the translator's work in the whole process of translation. Use.
In this context, the author believes that translation criticism should not be limited to the language level of translation and the translation work itself, trying to set a rigid standard to compare the original and translation, but to expand the focus of attention from the text to a broader and more open field, focusing on the focus of attention to the subject of translation. On the basis of this, the main part of this article will focus on the translator and its translation activities, reconsider and reexamine the dimensions and horizons of the translation criticism. When selecting the subject, the time range is determined as the time of the 1840 Opium War and the 54 Movement in 1919. The most influential and controversial translators and their works are studied.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters. The introduction puts forward a contradictory phenomenon in translation criticism. The translation standard can not properly evaluate some translation phenomena and translation works. Thus, the author puts forward the multiple horizons of translation criticism and the focus of the translator's subject. The image, the research value and the overall structure of the statement.
The first chapter, starting with the introduction of the current situation of translation criticism, shows that translation criticism is often confined to the scope of "language and text criticism", with "faithfulness" as the only evaluation standard. Such standards and methods make translation criticism encounter many problems and contradictions in the actual operation. Therefore, translation criticism should not be limited to the limits of translation criticism. The linguistic level of translation and translation itself should be "towards the translator", and the whole process of translation activities should be explored from the perspective of translator's subjectivity.
Based on the understanding of the first chapter, the second chapter will select the most important, most influential and most controversial translators from the late nineteenth Century to the early twentieth Century of China from the end of the nineteenth Century to the beginning of twentieth Century, taking their translation as the object of study and focusing on the three aspects: first, the choice of the translation purpose and the proposed text; the translator's turn over the period. The purpose of translation is to be unified in the grand goal of saving the nation from subjugation. For this reason, the proposed text has experienced the process from the western social science works to the literary works, and the presupposed reader group has also changed from the original scholar bureaucrat to the general public. Two, the translation view, the cultural view and the choice of the translation strategy; the translators of this period often adopt This choice is mainly influenced by two factors: their view of translation and translation values, cultural attitudes and cultural standpoints. Three, social historical and cultural background, and other external factors, such as the objective restriction and influence of the external factors such as social history and culture background, etc. as translation criticism. In practice, this chapter uses the method of combining theory with example, and selects certain theory according to the different angle of analysis, so as to analyze the phenomenon better and explore the reason by means of theory.
According to the specific analysis and investigation of the second chapter, the third chapter will reflect and examine the dimension and view of translation criticism from the theoretical point of view through the theory of practice, and put forward the multiple horizons to construct translation criticism, not to be confined to the level of language and text comparison, and to consider "faithfulness" as the only evaluation scale, and should be found. And pay attention to the translator's main role and pay attention to its understanding and orientation to translation. At the same time, in the translation criticism, we should start from a specific historical environment, pay attention to different political and cultural factors, and adhere to the view of history and culture.
The conclusion part summarizes the demonstration process of the first three chapters, which indicates that the research of this paper is an attempt of theoretical contact with practice, at the same time, it points out the achievements and shortcomings of this study, and expects follow-up research to follow up.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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