现代汉语副词“倒”和“并”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 02:31

本文选题：“倒” + “并”　；参考：《扬州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：副词是现代汉语中的一种个性强于共性的功能词类,其内部各小类成员在组配方式、句法功能、语义、语用特点等各个方面有一致性,但又具有不少细微的差异,“倒”和“并”就是一组在句法、语义和语用方面有同有异的副词。汉语语法学界对副词“倒”和“并”的个案研究取得了不少成果,但却很少从对比角度考察和分析这两个副词在意义和用法方面的异同,因而未能充分揭示两者在句法、语义和语用上的特点。现代汉语副词“倒”和“并”的基本句法功能都是用在谓词性词语之前作状语。从出现环境看,副词“并”只能出现在否定形式前,而且必须和否定词紧紧相随,中间不能插入其他词语。而“倒”既可用于否定形式,也可用于肯定形式。虽然两个副词都可以与否定词语共现,但对于否定词的选择,“倒”比“并”的选择范围要大。除此之外,这两个副词与其他副词的搭配情况、多个副词连用时的先后顺序以及与动词、连词等的共现情况和两者所能出现的句类等都呈现出各自的特点。从语义角度看,两个副词具有共同的语义基础,即表对比性转折,但“倒”出现的对比关系句的范围比“并”大。在历时演变过程中,两者从实义动词一步步虚化为表转折义的副词,在这一过程中语义泛化、句法位置的变化、语用的制约起了主要作用。在语用方面,副词“倒”和“并”在语用预设、焦点、主观性等方面存在着一定的差异。副词“倒”是“预设触发语”,具有指出预设的语用功能；“并”的语用功能是预设否定,且须以一定的前提为基础。焦点和预设是一对联系紧密的概念,“倒”句中焦点的位置比较灵活,既可以强调话题焦点,又可以强调述题焦点；“并”句的焦点位置主要是“并”后的部分,强调的则是述题焦点。另外,副词“倒”的主观性要强于副词“并”。从句法、语义和语用角度全面系统地比较副词“倒”和“并”的异同,可以更为深入地揭示这两个副词功能方面的异同。
[Abstract]:Adverbs are a kind of functional parts of speech in modern Chinese, which are stronger than common ones. The subcategories of adverbs in modern Chinese are consistent in their ways of matching, syntactic functions, semantics, pragmatic features, etc., but there are some subtle differences between them. Inversion and union are different adverbs in syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Chinese grammatical scholars have made a lot of achievements in the case study of adverbs "inversion" and "union", but seldom examine and analyze the similarities and differences in meaning and usage of the two adverbs from the perspective of contrast, thus failing to fully reveal the syntactic features of the two adverbs. Semantic and pragmatic features. The basic syntactic functions of adverbs "inverted" and "union" in modern Chinese are used as adverbials before predicate words. From the appearance environment, the adverb "and" can only appear before the negative form, and must be closely accompanied by the negative word, and no other words can be inserted in the middle. "inverted" can be used either in negative form or in positive form. Although both adverbs can co-appear with negative words, the choice of negative words is larger than that of negative words. In addition, the collocation of the two adverbs with other adverbs, the order in which several adverbs are used, the co-occurrence with verbs, conjunctions, and the types of sentences that can appear between the two adverbs all show their own characteristics. The two adverbs have the same semantic basis, that is, the contrastive turning point, but the scope of contrastive relative sentences appearing in "inverted" is larger than that of "and". In the process of diachronic evolution, both of them have changed from the actual verb to the adverb of turning meaning step by step. In this process, the semantic generalization, the change of syntactic position and the restriction of pragmatics play a major role. There are some differences in pragmatic presupposition, focus, subjectivity and so on. The adverb "inverted" is "presupposition trigger", which has the pragmatic function of pointing out presupposition, and the pragmatic function of "union" is presupposition negation and must be based on certain premises. Focus and presupposition are two closely related concepts. The position of focus in "inverted" sentence is flexible, which can emphasize both the topic focus and the topic focus, and the focus position of the "union" sentence is mainly the part after "union". Emphasis is placed on the focus of the topic. In addition, the subjectivity of adverb "inverted" is stronger than that of adverb "and". Comparing the similarities and differences of adverb "inverted" and "union" comprehensively and systematically from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic angles can reveal the similarities and differences in function of these two adverbs more deeply.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2

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