基于模因论的政治语篇互文性分析

发布时间：2018-06-10 15:02

本文选题：互文性 + 模因论　；参考：《海南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在从模因论角度对政治语篇的互文性进行分析。政治语篇研究政治活动的参与者如何运用语言达到自己的政治目的以及公众如何通过这些语言肯定这些政治参与者。互文性是政治参与者为了实现言语行为或者政治目的所采用的表达策略之一。因为互文性指的是一个语篇中包含其他人的话语或者其他语篇的片段,其作用就是借用另一语篇来实现某些特定的言语行为。互文性的实现过程和深层运作机制可在模因论的理论框架下得到新的阐释。在模因论(Memetics)中模因(meme)被看成是文化传播信息单位,语言模因指的是那些具有某种思想或者某种信息通过模仿而得以复制传播的模因。因此,互文性实现过程可以被看成是具有某种思想和某种信息的语言模因的不断模仿和复制,其目的就是通过这些语言模因的复制和传播去实现某些特定的言语行为。本文以费尔克劳(Fairclough)对于互文性的阐释以及何自然关于模因复制传播方式的阐释为理论基础构建了一个分析政治语篇的理论框架。费尔克劳(Fairclough)认为互文性可以分成显著互文性(manifest intertextuality)和构成互文性(constitutive intertextuality)。在显著互文性中,其他语篇明显地存在于所分析的语篇中,常采用的互文手段为引用、用典、仿拟等；而构成互文性指一个语篇中各种体裁或者语篇规范(conventions)的那种复杂关系,常用的互文手段为如体裁互文、修辞互文和结构互文等。在模因复制的同化、记忆、表达和传播的四个阶段中,互文性的阐释主要体现在模因的表达和传播阶段。表达是为了顺应某种特定的语境,特定的言语行为和特定的功能。传播阶段是模因复制和互文实现的具体过程。何自然认为模因的复制传播阶段可以分成两大类型：一是模因的基因型(memotype),即内容不变形式相同或不同进行复制；二是模因的表现型(phenotype),即形式不改却以不同的内容加以扩展。鉴于此,显著互文性的互文性手段,诸如引用、用典等属于模因的基因型复制传播,仿拟却属于模因的表现型传播；构成互文性常用的互文手段,如体裁互文,都属于模因的表现型传播。就政治语篇而言,不管是互文性的实现过程,还是模因的不断模仿复制过程,其最终目的是通过话语这一载体实现某些政治目的,因此也可以说政治语篇的互文性和模因的复制传播都顺应了特定的政治语境和特定的政治功能。为了更好地阐释政治语篇互文性的实现过程,论证该理论框架的解释力和适用性,本文主要采用了定性的研究方法,采用理论介绍和实例分析相结合的方式主要对政治演讲、政治新闻、政治声明和公报进行了详细的分析。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to analyze the intertextuality of political discourse from the perspective of memetics. Political discourse studies how political participants use language to achieve their own political purposes and how the public affirms these political participants through these languages. Intertextuality is adopted by political participants in order to achieve verbal behavior or political purposes. One of the strategies of expression is that intertextuality refers to a piece of discourse in a text or a fragment of other discourse in a text. Its role is to use another text to achieve certain speech acts. The process of intertextuality and the deep operation mechanism can be explained under the theoretical framework of memetics. In memetics (Memeti) CS) in meme is regarded as a unit of cultural communication information. Language memes refer to the memes that have some thought or some kind of information replicating and propagating through imitation. Therefore, the intertextuality realization process can be regarded as a continuous imitation and replication of language memes with some kind of thought and information. The replication and propagation of these memes can achieve certain speech acts.
This paper constructs a theoretical framework for analyzing political discourse based on the interpretation of intertextuality by Phil Klau (Fairclough) and the explanation of the mode of meme replication. Phil Klau (Fairclough) believes that intertextuality can be divided into significant intertextuality (manifest intertextuality) and intertextuality (constitutive Intertextuality). In significant intertextuality, other texts exist clearly in the discourse analyzed, and intertextuality is often used as reference, allusions, and parody, and intertextuality refers to the complex system of genre or conventions in a text, such as intertextual intertextuality and rhetorical intertextuality. In the four stages of assimilation, memory, expression and communication of meme replication, the interpretation of intertextuality is mainly embodied in the expression and dissemination of memes. Expression is to conform to certain contexts, specific speech acts and specific functions. The stage of communication is the specific process of duplication and intertextuality of meme, He Ziran. The replicating and propagating stages of memes can be divided into two major types: one is the genotype (memotype) of meme, that is, the same or different copy of the same content; two is the phenotype of memetics (phenotype), that is, the form does not change but expands with different content. Genotypic replication, which belongs to meme, belongs to the expressive transmission of memes; the intertextuality commonly used as intertextuality, such as intertextual intertextuality, belongs to the expressive propagation of memes. In political discourse, whether it is the process of intertextuality or the continuous imitation of memes, the ultimate aim is through discourse. The carrier realizes some political purposes, so it can also be said that the intertextuality of the political discourse and the replication of the memes all conform to the specific political context and the specific political function.
In order to explain the realization process of intertextuality in political discourse better and demonstrate the explanatory power and applicability of the theoretical framework, this paper mainly adopts the qualitative research method, and uses the combination of theoretical introduction and case analysis to make a detailed analysis of political speech, political news, political statement and communiqu.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H052

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