民族语人称代词的语音象似性

发布时间：2018-06-18 22:28

本文选题：人称代词 + 语音象似性　；参考：《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013年04期

【摘要】：文章对中国国内121种民族语的人称代词的语音象似性进行了考察。发现它们的声母、韵母、有声调语言的声调遵守着多样的原则,体现着不同程度的语音象似性。全部样本数据汇总显示:人称代词更符合位置方向象似性(即I人称:II/III人称=内:外),对于响度———距离的符合度不如指示词,但仍然存在。与说话人有关的(I:II,I:III)相当符合象似性,尤其是位置方向象似性,远远超过偶然性的概率。与说话人无关的(II:III)象似度相对较低。总体上声调和复杂度较多符合背景原则。结果只是统计学上的倾向,即样本语言人称代词的语音形式与其所表语义之间的关系,是居于"任意性"和"必然性"之间的一种中间状态,是"或然性"的。理解语言形式与意义之间关联应从"任意性、或然性、必然性"三分的理念出发,去发掘更多的象似性原则,开发"或然性"这一中间地带存在的规律。
[Abstract]:This paper investigates the phonological iconicity of personal pronouns in 121 national languages in China. It is found that their initials, vowels and tones of tone language follow various principles and embody different degrees of phonological iconicity. All the sample data show that personal pronouns are more consistent with positional orientation iconicity (I. e. I person: II / III person = inside: outside / outside). The consistency of loudness and distance is not as good as that of indicator, but it still exists. Relative to the speaker, I / I / I / II / II / III) is quite consistent with iconicity, especially in the direction of position, which far exceeds the probability of chance. II: III, which is irrelevant to the speaker, is relatively low in iconicity. On the whole, the tone and complexity are more in line with the background principle. The result is only a statistical tendency, that is, the relationship between the phonetic form of the personal pronoun and its semantic expression is a kind of intermediate state between "arbitrariness" and "inevitability", which is "probabilistic". To understand the relationship between language form and meaning, we should explore more principles of iconicity and exploit the law of probability in the middle zone from the three-point concept of "arbitrariness, probability and inevitability".
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院;山西师范大学文学院;中国社会科学院语言研究所;
【基金】：中国社会科学院重点课题“语言库藏类型学”
【分类号】：H01

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