《法言》动词研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 03:15

本文选题：法言 + 动词　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《法言》是一部哲学对话体著作,作者为西汉东汉之交的扬雄。其主要内容是用儒家观点驳斥诸子之说及当时有悖于“圣人之数”的言行。它采用问答的形式,较好地保存了当时的口语,具有较高的语料研究价值。本文以《法言》动词为研究对象,对其进行了穷尽式地分析和描写,总共归纳出动词663个,将其分为三大类十个小类,对它们各自的语法特点进行了全面地分析描写。本文第一部分对《法言》的成书时间、注本及版本流传、动词研究的现状及研究方法和意义进行了介绍。指出《法言》是一部能较好反映汉代语法的传世文献,但学界对其语言文字,尤其是动词用法的研究还很不够,值得对其进行深入细致地研究。第二部分根据动词研究的相关理论,确定《法言》动词的判定标准是“词汇·语法范畴”,即应该坚持句法标准和意义标准相统一的原则。并且确定了动词与名词、形容词的区分标准。第三部分对《法言》中的动词进行了语法分析。按照动词本身的特点,我们先将《法言》中的动词分为三大类：不及物动词、及物动词和能愿动词。不及物动词又分为行为动词、趋止动词、心理动词和状态动词四个小类；及物动词又分为行为动词、感知动词、存现动词、类同动词、使令动词五个小类。分别从其充当谓语时主语的类别、宾语的类别及与宾语的关系等角度对它们进行了语法分析。接着,对《法言》动词作句子成分的情况及其前的修饰成分进行了分析。最后,分析了《法言》中几种特殊的动词结构。可以说对《法言》中出现的动词进行了较为全面地语法分析。
[Abstract]:Dharma is a philosophical dialogue written by Yang Xiong at the turn of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty. The main content is to refute the words and deeds of the philosophers and the number of saints at that time. It adopts the form of question and answer, which preserves the spoken language at that time, and has higher research value of corpus. In this paper, the verbs are analyzed and described in an exhaustive way, and 663 verbs are summed up, which are divided into three categories and ten subcategories, and their grammatical characteristics are analyzed and described in a comprehensive way. In the first part of this paper, the author introduces the time of completion of the book, the circulation of notes and editions, the present situation of verb research, and the research methods and significance. It is pointed out that Fa Yan is a handed down document which can well reflect the grammar of the Han Dynasty, but the study of its language and characters, especially the use of verbs, is not enough in academic circles, and it is worth studying in depth and meticulous. In the second part, according to the relevant theories of verb research, the criterion of determining the verb is "lexical grammatical category", that is, the principle of the unity of syntactic standard and meaning standard should be adhered to. And has determined the verb and the noun, the adjective distinction standard. In the third part, the grammatical analysis of verbs in Fa Yan is made. According to the characteristics of verbs, we divide the verbs into three categories: intransitive verbs, transitive verbs and capacitive verbs. Intransitive verbs are divided into four subcategories: action verbs, static verbs, psychological verbs and state verbs, while transitive verbs are divided into five subcategories: behavioral verbs, perceptual verbs, existential verbs, similar verbs, and so on. The grammatical analysis is carried out from the aspects of the category of the subject, the category of the object and the relation between the object and the predicate. Then, the paper analyzes the situation of verbs as sentence components and their former modifiers. Finally, several special verb structures in Fa Yan are analyzed. It can be said that the verbs in Fa Yan are analyzed in a more comprehensive way.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141

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