当代汉语流行构式及其个案分析人文与传播学院

发布时间：2018-06-25 02:35

本文选题：构式 + 流行语　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要研究20世纪末21世纪初当代汉语中出现的流行构式，试图以Goldberg倡导的构式语法为理论背景，对其产生的原因、句式本身的结构特点、表达功用和发展趋势等方面进行尝试性探讨。第一章主要对流行构式的流行语身份和构式身份做相关的认定，并且为流行构式下定义为：在一个流行语中，固定了流行语义的成分组成了一个不变的常项，只要根据不同场景的表达需要进行充填替换变项，流行语义就可因为常项的不变而扩散到任何一个场景，将这种语言现象称作流行构式。同时对流行构式做了范围界定。第二章主要研究流行构式“A并B着”的结构特征及表达功用。从语法上看，“A并B着”这个结构可以充当宾语、谓语，定语，补语等，在充当主语时，还可以充当语用上的话题。从结构上看，“A并B着”分为一般式和扩展式，但基本句义都是两者逻辑上有语义对立的词语组成，形成语义反差，突出后项的意义。第三章主要分析了流行构式“很A很B”的形成、流行与演化。首先，“很A很B”语法上可以充当各种成分，，如谓语，定语等。其次，“很A很B”的基本入词规律是A为单音节词语，B为双音节词语。一般而言，只有性质形容词和动词才能充当A项，但是作为特殊用法一些专有名词作为整体也可以进入该构式。同时，“很A很B”的两个变项在韵律上必须符合汉语的标准，形成2+3的模式。并且某些英语词汇也已经可以进入该构式，但是必须要符合汉语的韵律模式。第四章对小句构式“有一种A叫B”的内在语义关系和形成发展做了相关研究。在这个构式中，说话人通过“有一种”来激活强调语气，隐含着说话人褒义或贬义等的强烈、复杂情感。抽象名词、非动作动词和形容词可以进入变项“A”和“B”中，且他们之间语义关系复杂，有因果关系，相反关系，相对关系等。通过对个案的考察分析，在最后的结语部分，尝试总结出流行构式的性质和类别。我们认为，必须同时具备以下三个元素才可以称之为流行构式：具有定型的句式或结构；可替换部分具有类推性；产生于当代并广为流传。并且可以分成复句构式、小句构式及短语构式三种类型。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the popular constructions in contemporary Chinese at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, and attempts to take the construction grammar advocated by Goldberg as the theoretical background, the reasons for its emergence and the structural characteristics of the sentence structure itself. Express the function and the development trend and so on the aspect carries on the tentative discussion. The first chapter is mainly about the identification of the pop word identity and the construction identity of the popular construction, and defines the popular construction as: in a popular word, the elements fixed the popular semantics constitute an invariable constant term. As long as the substitution variables are filled according to the expression of different scenes, the popular semantics can spread to any scenario because of the invariance of the constant terms, and this language phenomenon is called the popular constructor. At the same time, the scope of the popular construction is defined. The second chapter mainly studies the structural characteristics and expressive function of the popular construction A and B. Grammatically, "A and B" can act as objects, predicates, attributives, complements, etc. When they act as subjects, they can also act as pragmatic topics. From the structural point of view, "A and B" can be divided into general form and extended form, but the basic meaning of sentence is composed of two words logically opposite to each other, forming semantic contrast and highlighting the meaning of the latter item. The third chapter mainly analyzes the formation, popularity and evolution of the popular structure "very A, very B". First of all, "very A very B" grammar can serve as a variety of elements, such as predicates, attributes and so on. Secondly, the basic law of "very A, very B" is that A is a monosyllabic word and B is a double syllable word. Generally speaking, only qualitative adjectives and verbs can act as item A, but as a special use some proper nouns as a whole can also enter the construction. At the same time, the two variables of "very A, very B" must conform to the Chinese standard in prosody and form a 23 pattern. And some English words can also enter into the construction, but must conform to the Chinese prosodic pattern. Chapter four studies the semantic relationship and development of clause construction "there is a kind of A called B". In this construction, the speaker activates the tone of emphasis by means of "one", implying strong and complex feelings of appreciation or derogation of the speaker. Abstract nouns, non-action verbs and adjectives can be entered into the variables "A" and "B", and their semantic relations are complex, causal, opposite, relative, and so on. Through the investigation and analysis of the case, in the last part of the conclusion, we try to summarize the nature and category of the popular construction. In our opinion, we must have the following three elements at the same time in order to be called a popular construction: have a stereotyped sentence or structure; replaceable parts have analogies; produced in the contemporary and widely circulated. And it can be divided into three types: complex sentence construction, clause construction and phrase construction.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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