法国初级汉语水平学生声调习得实验分析

发布时间：2018-06-25 07:32

本文选题：法国学生 + 声调习得　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于汉语学习者来说,声调的重要性是不言而喻的,而国内关于母语为法语的汉语学习者的声调研究并不多见,为了深入了解初级汉语水平法国学生的声调习得情况,本文采用语音实验软件以及调查问卷的方式考察了法国学生汉语声调的习得情况及其声调意识,并结合语言学理论分析其偏误产生的原因,提出相应的声调教学策略。文章的第一部分为绪论,介绍了本文的研究背景,研究问题和方法以及研究意义。汉语声调具有区别字义和词义的重要作用,对于汉语学习者来说,声调的掌握比声母、韵母更为困难,而且容易产生“化石化”的现象。在声调偏误研究中,以法国学生为研究对象的论文很少,而且两字调的研究尚未有过,因此笔者决定利用在法国当地中学教授汉语的机会,以法国学生为对象,研究其单字调和两字调的声调偏误情况。第二部分介绍了本文涉及的主要理论基础以及声调习得方面的研究成果。声调习得偏误方面的研究基础主要基于第二语言习得的对比分析理论和偏误分析理论,以及汉语声调格局理论。声调习得研究的手段和范围都在不断发展,但是也存在着一些问题,研究手段的科学性有待加强,国别性研究也有待丰富。本文指出如何将研究结果应用于教学实践,探寻有效的教学策略是重中之重。第三部分阐述了本研究的实验设计,语音实验相关的数据采集方法,使用软件以及数据处理方法。笔者随机抽查了达尔荣学院12位初级汉语水平的法国学生,对他们的声调情况进行录音,并利用Praat软件对获得的录音材料进行声学分析,最后对获得的数据进行归一化处理,使其具有可比较性。第四部分是本文的重点部分,描写和分析了初级水平法国学生单字调的基频和时长情况。单字调语音实验分析是从静态的角度考察法国学生的声调偏误情况,同时,笔者将法国学生的实验结果与一位播音主持专业的中国男生实验结果进行比较,分析初级水平法国学生单字调方面存在的偏误。第五部分是本文的创新部分,通过对初级水平法国学生两字调的基频描写和分析,考察了学生的两字调的发音情况。两字调的语音分析是从动态的角度分析法国学生的声调习得情况,可以更为全面地了解法国学生的声调偏误。通过与汉语普通话在调型、调值方面进行比较,分析法国学生两字调的偏误情况。第六部分是文章的最后一部分,一方面从汉语声调和法语语调对比的角度分析母语负迁移对法国学生声调习得产生的偏误,另一方面以问卷的方式调查了法国学生的声调意识情况,从学习者的角度分析声调偏误产生的原因。最后通过一系列的实验调查分析结果,总结改善法国学生声调偏误的有效教学策略。经过语音实验以及调查问卷的分析,本文得出以下结论：从单字调调型和调值来看,法国学生的主要偏误为阳平,表现在调型与上声调型相似且升幅过低；其次为去声,表现在降幅不够；阴平和上声的偏误较少。从两字调的分析结果看,法国学生的主要问题是两个音节衔接的自然度不够。偏误情况最严重的是上声,上声作为前字时,变调情况不明显。阳平在后字部分升幅不够,而去声在后字部分降幅不够。综合语音实验以及调查问卷的分析结果,对于初级汉语水平的法国学生来说四个声调的易难程度为：阴平最容易,其次为上声,然后是去声,阳平最难。针对法国学生的声调偏误,笔者建议建立汉语声调与法语语调更为准确的联系,扩大学生的声调调域,加强“半上调”的教学,增加两字调的有意义练习和练习方法的多样性。
[Abstract]:For the Chinese learners, the importance of the tone is self-evident, while the domestic study of the Chinese language learners in French is not very common in China. In order to understand the tone acquisition of the French students in the primary Chinese level, the speech experiment software and the questionnaire are used to investigate the Chinese sound of French students. The acquisition of tone and its awareness of tone are analyzed. Combined with linguistic theories, the causes of errors are analyzed, and corresponding strategies for tone teaching are put forward.
The first part of the article is the introduction, which introduces the background of the study, the research questions and methods and the significance of the study. The tone of Chinese has an important role in distinguishing the meaning and meaning of the word. For the Chinese learners, it is more difficult to master the tone than the consonant and the vowel, and it is easy to produce the phenomenon of "chemical fossilization". There are few papers on French students, and the study of two characters has not yet been studied. So I decided to use the opportunity to teach Chinese in the local middle school in France and to study the intonation errors of the French students.
The second part introduces the main theoretical basis and the research results of tone acquisition. The research foundation of the error of tone acquisition is based on the comparative analysis theory and the error analysis theory of the second language acquisition, and the Chinese tone pattern theory. There are also some problems, the scientific nature of the research means needs to be strengthened, and the study of national nature remains to be enriched. This paper points out how to apply the results of the research to teaching practice and explore effective teaching strategies.
The third part expounds the experimental design of this study, the method of data acquisition related to phonetic experiments, the use of software and the method of data processing. The author randomly selected 12 French students of the primary Chinese level of Dahl Rong college, recorded their tone situation, and analyzed the acoustic recording materials using the Praat software. Finally, normalization of the obtained data makes it comparable.
The fourth part is the key part of this paper. It describes and analyzes the basic frequency and time length of the primary French students' single word tone. The analysis of single word tone test is a static analysis of the tone errors of French students from a static point of view. At the same time, the results of the French students' experimental results and the experimental results of a Chinese male student with a broadcast presiding specialty A comparison was made to analyze the errors of elementary level French students.
The fifth part is an innovative part of this article. Through the basic frequency description and analysis of the primary level French students, the students' pronunciation of two characters is examined. The phonological analysis of the two characters is a dynamic analysis of the pronunciation acquisition of French students, which can be more fully understood by the French Students. A comparison between Putonghua and Putonghua in terms of tone adjustment and tone adjustment is made.
The sixth part is the last part of the article. On the one hand, it analyzes the errors caused by negative transfer of mother tongue to French students from the angle of the Chinese tone and the French intonation. On the other hand, it investigates the tone consciousness of French students by questionnaire, and analyzes the causes of the intonation error from the angle of the learners. A series of experimental investigation and analysis results summarize effective teaching strategies to improve French students' intonation errors.
After the analysis of the phonetic experiment and the questionnaire, this paper draws the following conclusions: from the single word adjustment type and the adjustment value, the main error of the French students is Yang Ping, which is similar to the tone type and is too low in the tone type, and the second is the noise reduction, and the errors of the Yin and the sound are less. The main problem of the French students is that the naturalness of the two syllables is not enough. The worst of the errors is the upper sound. When the sound is used as a front word, the situation of the tone is not obvious. For Chinese students, the four tones are easy to get: Yin Ping is the easiest, followed by the rising tone, followed by the falling tone, and Yang Ping is the most difficult.
In view of the pronunciation errors of French students, the author proposes to establish a more accurate connection between the Chinese tone and the French intonation, to expand the tone of the students, to strengthen the "half up" teaching, and to increase the diversity of the meaningful exercises and practice methods of the two characters.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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