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发布时间：2018-06-29 02:56

本文选题：小 + 语义演变　；参考：《暨南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“小”作为现代汉语中的较为常用的词汇，其意义及用法较为多样。“小”作为形容词，表示程度义时有虚化的趋势。“小”与名词组合时，与名词的不同类别组合时也有不同的语义和特点，进而形成了一个较为庞大的“小”族词语群。“小”的语义除了表示事物的面积、数量等不及一般的事物外，还可表示程度等较为抽象虚化的语义。从认知语言学的角度来看，“小”的发展经历了隐喻及转喻等机制，，逐渐产生了新的语义和用法。从词句角度看，考察“小”与其他词语组合时的双向选择。特别是“小”作为形容词时与名词组合的规律。另外，“小”与谓词性词语组合时，“小”的语义虚化也是一个值得注意的发展趋势。本文拟从历时和共时的语料出发，以北京大学语料库及历代的文学作品为语料考察来源，从语义、词法、句法和认知等角度对“小”的语义动态发展进行考察。首先，对“小”作为形容词与名词组合的动态发展进行梳理。其次，是对“小”与谓词性词语组合的动态分析，进而发现“小”的意义逐渐虚化的过程。再次，对“小”的语义的动态发展进行梳理，归纳出“小”的发展变化轨迹。最后，从影响语言发展的内部和外部因素对“小”的语义及用法的演变作出解释。
[Abstract]:As a common word in modern Chinese, "Xiao" has various meanings and uses. As an adjective, "small" indicates the tendency of vacuity in the sense of degree. When "small" is combined with nouns, it also has different semantics and characteristics when combined with different categories of nouns, thus forming a relatively large group of words and expressions of "small" family. The semantics of "small" not only denote the area and quantity of things, but also represent the abstract semantics such as degree. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the development of "small" has experienced the mechanism of metaphor and metonymy, and gradually produced new semantics and usage. From the point of view of words and sentences, this paper investigates the two-way choice of "small" and other words. In particular, "small" as an adjective and noun combination law. In addition, when "small" and predicate words are combined, the semantic vacuity of "small" is also a noteworthy development trend. Starting from the diachronic and synchronic corpus, this paper examines the semantic dynamic development of "small" from the perspectives of semantics, lexical morphology, syntax and cognition, taking the corpus of Peking University and literary works of the past dynasties as the source of corpus investigation. Firstly, the dynamic development of "small" as a combination of adjectives and nouns is combed. Secondly, the dynamic analysis of the combination of "small" and predicate words, and then find that the meaning of "small" gradually empty. Thirdly, the dynamic development of the meaning of "small" is combed, and the track of development and change of "small" is summed up. Finally, the evolution of the meaning and usage of "small" is explained from the internal and external factors that influence language development.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】