基于语料库的中英马的习语对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 03:16

本文选题：马的习语 + 英汉对比　；参考：《山西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：动物习语是习语中一个重要的组成部分，，基于动物与人类的关系，人们创造出不同动物的习语。在这些动物之中，马的习语吸引了作者的注意。马在中西方文化中的地位匪浅，以其俊朗温顺的外在体貌特征，高大健壮的形象一直为人们所应用所喜爱，体现在语言方面就是有数量众多的关于马的习语。中文中有380条马的习语，而英语中马的习语数量仅次于狗的习语数量，排在动物习语的第二位，在厦门大学编撰的《综合英语成语字典》中就收录了80余条马的习语。先前的研究表明，中文中牛的习语与在英语中马的习语有诸多相通之处，在翻译时为了达到地道的效果，采取互换的方式。如中文中形容人们强壮，所用表达是强壮如牛，而转译成英文则变为as strong as a horse.由于这样的研究现状，学界对于马的习语的中英文对比研究很少有涉猎。语料库在如今描述性语言学盛行的进程中扮演着越来越重要的角色，语料来源广泛，容量巨大，可进行大规模的统计分析为研究者们提供了全面而客观的语言研究工具。依据中文成语字典，中文成语网站，综合英语成语字典，凭借语料库的强大检索功能，作者将字典中搜集到的习语条目进行检索统计，得出习语使用环境，使用频率，从而对比总结中英文中对于马的习语使用的异同。本文旨在对比中英两种语言中关于马的习语，总结其在每一种语言中的特点，以期形成规范性认知；对于先前马的习语研究做进一步的延伸，跨出牛马对照的藩篱，使得人们对于马的习语有更为具体详实的了解，在此基础上，揭示出马在两种文化当中的不同地位作用。先借助权威的成语词典，筛选出两种语言中所有涉及到马的习语，以此为数据，然后运用大型语料库美国当代英语语料库（COCA）和北京大学中国语言学研究中心（CCL）进行语料分析，数据统计，揭示出相应中英文马的习语所包含的感情色彩，使用场合，继而以认知语言学中隐喻和转喻的观点来进一步解析每一则习语所涉及认知域包含的本体及其喻体。研究发现中文中马的习语中四字成语较多，且成语所用场合较为正式的认知，中文中马的习语以褒义词性为主流；而英文中马的习语有一大部分源于体育赛马，一般搭配为动词+形容词+马的形式，使用场合偏向于非正式，且以批判告诫的意味为主流。研究还发现，中英文中都存在着以马喻人以马喻物的习语表达，英文中马的习语使用较中文中更为自由，含义用途也更为丰富，也即意味着马在英语文化中更为深入人心。因此，作者对于马的习语语源进行了分析，发现中文中的马的习语来源于战争，历史典故；而英文马的习语来源广泛，既有历史典故，赛马运动，也有政治活动。进一步揭示中英语言中马的习语的使用所反映出的民族心理，感情倾向，联系以及差异。研究证明，英文中马的习语使用范围更广泛，体现了马在英语国家文化当中独特的地位。本文对到对马的习语的解读采取认知语言学中主要理念隐喻与转喻，为动物习语的分析解读提供了新的思路；也对马的习语做了相对全面的统计梳理，为以后对马的习语的进一步研究奠定了物质基础。
[Abstract]:Animal idioms are an important part of idioms. Based on the relationship between animals and human beings, people create idioms of different animals. In these animals, the idioms of the horse attract the attention of the author. There are a large number of idioms about horses in the language. In Chinese, there are 380 idioms in Chinese, while the number of idioms in English is second only to the number of dog idioms, which is ranked second in animal idioms. In the "comprehensive English idiom" compiled by Xiamen University, there are more than 80 idioms. The study shows that there are many similarities between the idioms of cattle in Chinese and the idioms in English in English. In order to achieve the true effect in translation, the idioms in English are interchangeable. For example, the expression is strong as a cow in Chinese, and the translation into English is as strong as a horse.. The contrastive study of Chinese and English is rarely involved in the study.
Corpus is playing a more and more important role in the current process of descriptive linguistics, with a wide range of materials and huge capacity. Large scale statistical analysis provides a comprehensive and objective language research tool for researchers. Based on Chinese idiom dictionary, Chinese idiom website, comprehensive English idiom dictionary, and corpus, the corpus is based on Corpus In order to compare and sum up the similarities and differences between Chinese and English idioms in Chinese and English, the author searches and statistics the idiom items collected in the dictionary, and obtains the use of the idioms and the frequency of the idioms.
The purpose of this paper is to compare the idioms of horses in both English and Chinese languages, to sum up their characteristics in each language in order to form a normative cognition; to further extend the study of the previous horse's idioms and to cross out the hedge of the horse and horse control, so that people have a more detailed and detailed understanding of the horse's idioms, and on this basis, reveal the horse. In the different roles of the two cultures, with the help of the authoritative idiom dictionary, all the idioms involved in the two languages are selected as the data, and then the corpus analysis and data statistics of the large corpus American Contemporary English Corpus (COCA) and the center for Chinese Linguistics of Peking University (CCL) are used to reveal the corresponding data. The English horse's idioms include the emotional color, the use of the occasion, and then a further analysis of the noumenon and its metaphor involved in the cognitive domain of each idiom in the cognitive linguistics. The study finds that there are more idioms in the idioms of the Chinese horse and the more formal cognition of the idioms, and the Chinese horse in the Chinese language. There is a majority of the idioms in the English language. In English, a large part of the idiom is derived from the sports horse race, which is usually used as a verb + Adjective + horse, and the occasion is biased towards the informal, and the critical warning is the mainstream. The use of idioms is more free and more rich in meaning than in Chinese, which means that the horse is more popular in the English culture. Therefore, the author makes an analysis of the language source of Ma's idiom, and finds that the idioms of horses in Chinese are derived from war and historical allusions, and the English Horse idioms have a wide range of idioms, both historical allusions and horse racing. It also has political activities. It further reveals the national psychology, emotional tendencies, relationships and differences reflected in the use of the idioms in the Chinese and English languages. The study shows that the use of the idioms in English is more extensive and reflects the unique position of the horse in the English culture. The main conceptual metaphors and metonymy provide a new way of thinking for the analysis and interpretation of animal idioms, and a relatively comprehensive statistical analysis of the idioms of horses, which lays a material foundation for further research on the idioms of horses.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H136;H313

【参考文献】