篇章语言学及语体学视域下的足球博客研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 02:59

本文选题：博客 + 语篇　；参考：《南京大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：从20世纪60年代至今,全球互联网用户人数超过数十亿,网络交际方式对现代人类的生产、经济、生活等各个方面都产生了巨大的影响。博客是上世纪90年代末,继电子邮件、网络论坛以及即时聊天之后又一迅速崛起的网络交际方式。中国的博客发展稍晚于欧美,它于2000年开始出现并于2005年开始迅速普及,截至2011年底博客用户已逾3亿。博客有着不同于其它网络交际方式的特点：1、网页主体由不断更新的众多“帖子”组成；2、它们在网页上按时间的倒序顺序排列,即最新的放在最上面,最旧的在最下面；3、内容可以是各种主题、各种外观布局和各种写作风格,且“超链接”成为其重要的表达方式,同时,日历、档案也是必要的构成元素；4、读者可以发表评论。 90年代中期以来,网络媒体成为中德语言学研究的一个热点话题,电子邮件、网络论坛以及即时聊天等交际方式的语言学研究方兴正艾,它们各自的语言特点、交际方式、语篇类型都被一一剖析。这些网络新兴的语篇类型抑或交际方式被认定兼具口头和书面语篇特点,作为以书写形式表现的交际方式,却不同程度地体现了口语化的趋势。而博客以其信息传播之及时、受众之广泛在军事、政治、经济领域声名鹊起,成为社会学和媒体学研究的一个新兴领域。很多学者把它和传统媒体相提并论,并认为它发展成为信息传播的一种重要渠道,成为传统媒体的有力竞争。相对于其它网络交际方式的丰富研究以及各学科领域对于博客的广泛关注,语言学方面对于中、德博客的系统研究尚处于起步阶段,仅有的博客语言学研究,也只涉及了一些具体语言现象的分析。因此从语言学的篇章语言学以及语体学这两个视角系统地审视博客的语言语体特点,剖析博客与其它网络语篇的异同,解析博客与传统媒体的关系,对于深化语言学的发展和规范引导博客语言的应用具有重要的理论和现实指导意义。基于以上背景,本文针对博客这一新兴的网络交际方式,从语言学尤其是篇章语言学和语体学角度,对中、德两国博客文章在语篇类型和语言语体方面的特点进行分析和比较,一定程度上填补了这一方面的空白。在语篇分析方面,以传统的报刊媒体的语篇类型为出发点,分析博客语篇的特点,并以此剖析博客与传统媒体的关系；在语体分析方面,则重点分析博客的语言特征,以及对比博客和其它一些网络交际方式比如电子邮件、网上即时聊天之间的语言差异。为保证本文所研究博客的代表性、可比性,本研究以随机选取的中文以及德文的足球博客为研究对象,选取德国足球博客列表中20个保持更新的,并以文字为主的博客,每个博客选取2008年12月31日前最新更新的文章,选取文章的总字数不少于5000字。中文博客由于没有此类列表,因此在4大门户网站腾讯、新浪、搜狐以及网易随机抽取以足球为主要内容并保持更新的中文博客20个,每个博客选取截止于2008年12月的最新博客文章。整个数据库共计20余万字,其中德文、中文各不少于10万字。在篇章语言学的发展中,语篇类型的定义及分类一直以来虽然备受争议,各家各执一词,但众多语言学家都一致认为语篇衔接(Textverkniipfung)、语篇结构(Textstruktur)、语篇主题(Textthema)以及语篇功能(Textfunktion)是分析不同语篇特点的重要因素。因此,本文以足球博客为例,首先从以上各个方面,并结合HausendorfKesselheim提出的“指示元(Hinweis)”概念进行语篇分析,通过以上比较分析旨在回答以下问题：足球博客中出现哪些具体的语篇类型?它们分别具备哪些语篇指示?和传统报刊媒体的语篇类型相比有何异同?原因何在? 语篇分析的结果表明,足球博客中偏重叙述性及议论性的语篇结构,根据Luger(1995)对于传统的报刊媒体的分类,足球博客中信息类(informationsbetonte Texte)口评论类语篇(]meinungsbetonte Texte)居多。在足球博客中,信息类语篇除了报刊媒体中常见的消息、报道外,还出现了一些特殊语篇类型,比如赛事直播语篇、转会传闻、参赛球员名单及队形等；评论类语篇中则以中短评为主,辅以讽刺性杂评以及偏评论的报告文学；其它类型的语篇在本人的博文语料中出现频率相对较低,联络类语篇(kontaktorientierte Texte)多和其它类型语篇相融合,呼吁类语篇(auffordernde Texte)以广告形式出现,而指示类语篇(instruierend-anweisende Texte)未出现。另外,博客中也出现了传统报刊媒体语篇分类中所没有的消遣类语篇(unterhaltende Texte),这类语篇的语言文艺、文学性较强。相对于德文博客,中文博文更偏重于评论性文章,另外也出现了联络、信息、评论以及消遣类语篇。在分析了博客的语篇特征后,论文进一步研究了中、德体育博客的语言语体的特征。在新媒体的语言语体分析中,KochOesterreichr模式应用广泛,他们把语言的实现“媒介”分为声音和书写方式,以口语语态(konzeptionelle Mundlichkeit)和书面语语态(konzeptionelle Schriftlichkeit)为两极,并且分别和近、远交际以及各自不同的特征相关联,各种语篇类型均可以依据其语体特征排列于这两极之间。其中,口语交际具有私密、熟悉、非计划以及同步性的特点,而书面语交际则是公开、陌生、有计划以及非同步的。这样的语境特征决定了口头语言的特征一般为使用表现力强的口语化词汇,句子结构简单、多为不完整句和省略句,常出现讲话人未察觉的错误。书面语言则句子结构比较复杂,通常不出现未被作者发现的错误。基于口语和书面语语态的不同特征,博客作为以书写方式实现的一种网络交际方式,其语言具备什么特征?在口语语态和书面语语态的两极间,尤其和传统媒体以及和其它网络交际方式相比,博客处于什么样的位置?中、德文博客的语体在哪些方面具有可比性?针对以上问题,本文分别对中、德足球博客语体的正字法、词法、句法、语音语态书写以及超文本特征进行了具体的分析与比较。从对中、德文语言各层面的定性以及部分定量分析上可以看出,博客语言在语言规范上有一定程度的偏离,出现了一些书写错误,词法方面语气词、口语词汇、方言、粗话以及句法方面短句、省略句的使用都体现了口语特征,语音语态书写方面,博客由于是书写方式实现的交流,出现一些通过文字来表现语调、声音、表情和动作的手段,例如：重复拼写相同字或符,使用表情和动作符号,通过斜体、粗体、变换字体以及颜色加强语气等。此外,外来语的使用体现了异语言和文化的渗透,缩略语是语言简化以及群体认同的结果,而多图和超链接则是博客区别于传统媒体以及其它网络交际方式的重要特征。相对于德文博客,语料库中的中文博文书写错误更少,外来语尤其是英语外来词的使用频率也更低。综合篇章以及语体方面的研究,本文得出以下结论： 1.博客是一个多语篇的结合体,它个人化的、开放式的交际方式决定了其语篇的多样性。新媒体的不断发展,也使得语篇类型不再单一化、模式化,语篇融合已经成为不可阻挡的趋势。博客在语篇类型方面和传统媒体相比,有很多相似性,同时,博客也有自己特有的语篇类型及其特征。 2.博客语体有口语特征,比报纸、杂志等传统新闻媒体更随意、表达更自由,有简约、生动的特征,但相对于即时聊天、网络论坛甚至电子邮件,它的这一倾向并不明显,因此和它们相比,博客语体更接近书面语语态、更具规范性。 3.基于博客在语篇及语体方面和传统新闻媒体的相似性,以及它迅速的信息传播方式、丰富的信息量以及强大的互动性,使得博客成为传统媒体重要的补充并且强有力的竞争者,但同时博客中信息的真实性、可靠性无法得到保障,也成为它不能替代传统新闻媒体的主要原因。 4.在一些新兴应用如微博的影响下,普通网民越来越习惯于快速、简单、互动性和社交性强的信息互动方式,博客的使用率虽有所下降,却越加呈现出传统的信息传播特征。由于博客不受时间、空间限制,因此它比即时聊天、微博等网络交际形式更规范、表达更准确、逻辑更严谨,在表述及论证个人观点方面具有更大的优势。由此推断,博客的使用群体会有所减小,但仍具有一定的生存空间,它将成为意见领袖们传送信息的重要阵地,评论类语篇逐渐占据主导地位,意识操控将逐渐成为其语篇的主要功能。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s and so far , the number of Internet users in the world has exceeded billions , and the way of network communication has exerted great influence on the production , economy and life of modern human beings . The blog is a rapidly rising network communication mode after the end of the 1990s , following e - mail , web forum and instant chat . The blog has more than 300 million people since the end of 2011 . The blog has more than 300 million blogs by the end of 2011 . The blog has the characteristics of different ways of network communication : 1 . The main body of the web page is composed of many " posts " that are constantly updated ;
2 . They are arranged in the reverse order of time on the web page , that is , the most up - to - date , oldest in the bottom ;
3 . The content can be various theme , various appearance layout and various writing styles , and " hyperlink " becomes its important expression mode , meanwhile , calendar and file are necessary constituent elements ;
4 . Readers can comment .

Since the mid - 1990s , network media has become a hot topic in Sino - German linguistics , such as e - mail , network forum and instant chat .

Based on the above background , this paper tries to analyze and compare the characteristics of Chinese and German blog posts in discourse type and language style from linguistics , especially discourse linguistics and corpus , to some extent , and to analyze the relationship between blog and traditional media in the aspect of discourse analysis .
In the aspect of corpus analysis , the paper focuses on analyzing the linguistic features of the blog , and comparing the language differences between the blog and some other ways such as e - mail and instant chat .

In order to ensure the representation and comparability of the blogs studied in this paper , 20 Chinese and German football blogs are selected randomly in Chinese and German blogs . Each blog is selected to be the latest updated articles before Dec . 31 , 2008 . Each blog is selected as the most updated blog post of December 31 , 2008 . Each blog picks up the latest blog posts as of December 2008 . The entire database totals more than 200,000 words , including German and Chinese , not less than 100,000 words .

In the development of discourse linguistics , the definition and classification of discourse types has always been controversial and different from each other , but many linguist agree that textual cohesion ipfung , Textstruktur , Textthema , and Textfunktion are important factors to analyze the characteristics of different discourse .

According to Luger ( 1995 ) , there are some special discourse types , such as broadcast live text , transfer rumours , list of players and formation , etc .
In the discourse of comments , the paper mainly focuses on the short - term review and the reportage of satirical and biased comments .
Other types of discourse have relatively low frequency in my blog corpus , and the contact discourse ( kontaktorientierte Texte ) has been merged with other types of texts , and call - based discourse ( " auffordernde Texte ) has not appeared . In addition , there have been unterhaltende Texte , which has not been found in the traditional newspapers and periodicals . In addition , the blog also has unterterhaltende Texte , which is more focused on critical articles than German blogs , and also has contacts , information , comments and passives .

After analyzing the features of the blog , the paper further studies the features of Chinese and German sports blogs . In the analysis of the linguistic corpus of the new media , the characters of the language are widely used . They are classified into two poles according to their language features .

From the qualitative and quantitative analysis of all aspects of Chinese and German language , it can be seen that there are some deviations in the language norm of the blog language , and there are some writing errors , such as words , words , dialect , rude words and syntax . In addition , the use of foreign language reflects the penetration of different languages and cultures .

In this paper , the following conclusions are drawn :

1 . Blogs are a combination of a multi - language discourse , which is personalized and open - ended . It determines the diversity of discourse . The continuous development of the new media also makes the discourse type no longer singularized , formalised , and discourse cohesion has become an irresistible trend . The blog has many similarities compared with traditional media , and the blog has its own unique discourse type and its characteristics .

2 . The language features of the blog are more random , more free , concise and vivid than the traditional news media such as newspapers , magazines and the like , but the tendency is not obvious relative to the instant chat , the web forum and even the e - mail , so the blog corpus is closer to the written language and is more normative .

3 . Based on the similarity of the blog in the discourse and the corpus and the traditional news media , as well as its rapid information transmission , abundant information and strong interactivity , the blog has become an important supplement to the traditional media and a strong competitor , but at the same time the authenticity and reliability of the information in the blog cannot be guaranteed , and it becomes the main reason that it cannot replace the traditional news media .

4 . Under the influence of some emerging applications , such as micro - blog , ordinary Internet users are becoming accustomed to the rapid , simple , interactive and social interaction way , while the usage of blog has declined , but it has more advantages than instant chat , micro blog and so on . As a result , the use group of blog will decrease , but it still has certain living space . It will become an important position for the opinion leaders to transmit information , and the comment texts gradually occupy the dominant position , and the conscious manipulation will gradually become the main function of their discourse .
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H05

【共引文献】