塞尔言语行为理论探要

发布时间：2018-07-02 10:05

本文选题：约翰·塞尔 + 言语行为　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：语言哲学内部的二度转向为各种哲学讨论提供了一个全新的语用学方案。塞尔的言语行为理论就是这次语用学转向中的典型代表。论文探讨的是塞尔的言语行为理论：按照塞尔的思路,分析言语行为的结构F(p)；探索言语行为理论中的意义问题。在此基础上,论文旨在考察续写言语行为理论的可能性,以及初步讨论塞尔言语行为理论对语言哲学研究,尤其是对汉语研究的意义,为如何把汉语结合到言语行为理论的研究中的尝试迈出第一步。就对言语行为的构成分析而言,言语行为是一个命题-行事的双重结构,因此,论文将分别考察以言行事力量F和命题内容p。发现语言有以言行事的力量,并且对以言行事力量加以系统阐述,是言语行为理论区别于其他语言哲学理论的一个重要特点。可以说,对以言行事力量的探索开垦了语言哲学研究的新土地。相较之下,对命题的讨论则几乎充满了整部语言哲学史。对于命题的考察,塞尔从只由主语和谓词构成的简单形式的命题着手。因此,分别探讨指称问题和谓词问题也是必要的。论文将对语言哲学史上指称理论和谓词理论的典型方案进行简要探讨,接着讨论塞尔如何吸取这些方案的优势,修正这些方案的不足,从而从言语行为理论角度对这些语言哲学问题进行回应。就探索言语行为理论的意义问题而言,论文主要旨在论述塞尔对意义问题的独特见解。塞尔把“意向性”和“语境”、“惯例”等概念引入意义问题的探讨中。在很多哲学家看来,以“意向性”为关键词的意向主义和以“社会习俗”、“语境”为关键词的主体间性理论是相互冲突的。而塞尔却在讨论意义问题的过程中,把这些概念结合在一起。论文将按照塞尔的观点,讨论结合了“意向性”和“语境”的意义概念。并且,塞尔区分了“字面意义”和“说话人意义”,用这一区分来解决言语行为理论中的各种问题：间接言语行为问题、反讽问题、小说话语问题、隐喻问题的处理都与这一区分有关。因此,论文还将探讨塞尔如何应用他的意义概念来解决言语行为理论中的具体问题。现在有一些学者关注于对塞尔的言语行为理论的续写,其中有一种思路是从小说话语的讨论入手来考察言语活动的。论文也试图探索续写塞尔言语行为理论的新路径,因此将重点讨论小说话语以外的另两条途径：间接言语行为和隐喻。论文的另一要旨是考察把汉语纳入塞尔言语行为理论的可能性。汉语具有高语境化、低形式化的特点,十分适合间接言语行为和隐喻的研究。这两个主题的讨论在汉语中可以找到丰富的资源。但塞尔言语行为理论中一些形式化的研究方式和汉语研究又格格不入。塞尔试图建立起一个对各种语言都普遍适用的语言哲学,如果他成功了,他的言语行为理论也应当适用于汉语。实际情况究竟如何?当汉语出现在塞尔的言语行为理论中,究竟是对这个理论的丰富发展,还是迎头一击,这是一个耐人寻味的问题。
[Abstract]:The two degree turn within the philosophy of language provides a new pragmatic approach to various philosophical discussions. Searl's speech act theory is a typical representative of the turn of pragmatics. The thesis discusses Searl's theory of speech act: according to Searl's thought, the structure of speech acts (P) is analyzed, and the theory of speech act is explored. On the basis of this, the thesis aims to examine the possibility of the continuation of the theory of speech act, and to discuss the first step of the study of Searl's speech act theory to the study of language philosophy, especially the significance of the study of Chinese, and the attempt to combine Chinese with the theory of speech act.
As far as the analysis of the composition of speech acts is concerned, speech act is a dual structure of propositional and acting. Therefore, the paper will examine the force that the language has to do with the power of F and P. of propositional content, and to systematically elaborate on the strength of the speech, which is the difference between the theory of speech act and other linguistic philosophical theories. In comparison, the discussion of the proposition is almost full of the history of the whole language philosophy. For the investigation of the propositions, Searl begins with a simple form of subject and predicate. Therefore, the question of reference and the question of predicate are discussed respectively. The thesis will also be necessary. The paper will briefly discuss the typical scheme of the referential theory and the predicate theory in the history of language philosophy, and then discuss how Searl absorbs the advantages of these schemes and revises the shortcomings of these schemes, so as to respond to these language philosophies from the angle of speech act theory.
In terms of the significance of the exploration of the theory of speech act, the main purpose of this thesis is to discuss Searl's unique views on the issue of meaning. Searl introduces the concept of "intentionality" and "context" and "practice" into the discussion of meaning. In the view of many philosophers, the intention to be the key word and "social custom", The intersubjectivity theory of "context" as a key word is conflicting. But Searl combines these concepts in the process of discussing meaning. The thesis will discuss the meaning concept of "intentionality" and "context" according to Searl's point of view.
In addition, Searl distinguishes "literal meaning" and "speaker meaning", using this distinction to solve various problems in the theory of speech act: indirect speech act, irony, novel discourse, and metaphorical problem dealing with this distinction. Therefore, the article will also discuss how Searl uses his meaning concept to solve the problem. There are some scholars who pay attention to the continuation of Searl's theory of speech act. One way of thinking is to explore speech activities from the discussion of the discourse of fiction. The thesis also tries to explore the new path to renew Searl's speech act theory, so it will focus on the other other than the discourse of the novel. The two way: indirect speech act and metaphor.
Another point of this paper is to examine the possibility of integrating Chinese into Searl's theory of speech act. The Chinese language is highly contextualized and characterized by low formalization. It is very suitable for the study of indirect speech acts and metaphors. The discussion of these two topics can find rich resources in Chinese. However, some formalized researchers in Searl's speech act theory The study of Chinese and Chinese is incompatible. Searl tries to establish a philosophy of language that is universally applicable to all languages. If he succeeds, his speech act theory should also be applied to Chinese. What is the actual situation? When Chinese appears in Searl's theory of speech act, it is a rich development of this theory, or is it welcome. The first strike, this is a very interesting question.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H0-05

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