关联理论视角下《哈姆雷特》译本比较研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 16:34

本文选题：翻译 + 比较研究　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：关联理论作为认知语用学的基础与核心内容之一,从语言哲学、认知心理学、交际学等多学科的角度对语言交际作出解释,指出语言交际是一个明示-推理的互明过程,对话语的理解就是一种认知活动。翻译是一种跨语言、跨文化的交际活动,作为旨在解释交际活动的认知语用学理论,关联理论对翻译交际具有很强的解释力。关联理论的提出为翻译研究提供了较好的理论框架。Wilson的学生Gutt巧妙地将关联原则与认知心理学普遍原理结合起来,首次提出了关联翻译论,从人的认知来研究翻译使得翻译不再被视作静态的文本而变成了动态的明示推理交际过程。随后,国内外这方面的研究逐渐展开并取得了一定成果。关联翻译论的发展给翻译研究带来了新视角。关联理论与翻译研究结合的最大意义在于明确强调了对翻译过程的研究,关联理论的生命力在于它能解释翻译实践中一系列错综复杂的二元矛盾：译者在作为交际的翻译过程中准确理解原语和在译文中充分表达原语意图时作出选择的依据是关联性,这样就避开了对翻译原则等无休止的争论。在中国,莎士比亚大概是外国作家中被翻译最多的一位,而在其作品中,又以《哈姆雷特》名气最大。虽然在过去的一百五十年,国内对莎士比亚戏剧及其翻译进行的研究取得了长足的发展,运用关联理论展开相关研究的却很少见。本文认为,运用关联理论对《哈姆雷特》中人物的认知语境、话语的关联性和对《哈》剧观众或读者的认知语境进行分析,能够很好地揭示人物心理、把握莎剧语言,从而在翻译过程中再现莎士比亚戏剧语言的艺术魅力,同时也可以证明关联理论对指导和解释莎剧翻译实践具有很强的适用性。因此,本文在关联理论框架下,以《哈姆雷特》的文字翻译为例,通过比较评析梁实秋、朱生豪、方平和卞之琳的译本,对莎剧翻译中的理解和表达进行讨论,指出翻译过程中由于交际环境发生巨大变化引起的关联性缺失是造成翻译交际失败的原因,具体表现在信息意图与交际意图分离、语境假设的耗损与取消和语境含意的流失或流变三方面；为弥合这一鸿沟,使交际在跨语言跨文化环境中得以顺利进行,译者在翻译过程中必须重新匹配信息意图与交际意图、充实所需语境假设和呈现语境含意,从而重构关联,实现莎剧翻译的准确理解和充分表达。笔者希望这一尝试能为莎剧研究和翻译研究,甚至新的莎剧译本提供一些可供参考之处。
[Abstract]:Relevance theory, as one of the basic and core contents of cognitive pragmatics, explains language communication from the perspectives of language philosophy, cognitive psychology, communication and so on, and points out that language communication is an ostensive-inferential process. The understanding of discourse is a cognitive activity. Translation is a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communicative activity. As a cognitive pragmatics theory aimed at explaining communicative activities relevance theory has a strong explanatory power for translation communication. Relevance Theory provides a good theoretical Framework for Translation Studies. Gutt, a student of Wilson, skillfully combines relevance principles with the general principles of cognitive psychology, and puts forward the theory of relevance translation for the first time. The study of translation from the perspective of human cognition makes translation no longer regarded as a static text but as a dynamic process of ostensive-inferential communication. Subsequently, the domestic and foreign research in this area gradually launched and achieved certain results. The development of relevance translation theory has brought a new perspective to translation studies. The greatest significance of the combination of relevance theory and translation studies lies in the explicit emphasis on the study of the translation process. The vitality of relevance theory lies in its ability to explain a series of intricate binary contradictions in translation practice: the basis of the translator's choice in the process of communicative translation is relevance when he correctly understands the source language and fully expresses the intention of the source language in the target text. This avoids endless arguments about translation principles. Shakespeare is probably the most translated among foreign writers in China, and Hamlet is the most famous of his works. Although great progress has been made in the studies of Shakespeare's plays and their translation in the past 150 years, it is rare to use relevance theory to carry out related studies. This paper holds that the use of relevance theory to analyze the cognitive context of characters, the relevance of discourse and the cognitive context of audience or readers in Hamlet can well reveal the psychology of the characters and grasp the language of Shakespeare's plays. Thus, the artistic charm of Shakespeare's dramatic language can be reproduced in the process of translation, and it can also be proved that relevance theory has a strong applicability in guiding and explaining Shakespeare's translation practice. Therefore, under the framework of relevance theory, this paper, taking the translation of Hamlet as an example, makes a comparative analysis of the translations of Liang Shiqiu, Zhu Shenghao, Fang Ping and Bian Zhilin to discuss the understanding and expression in Shakespeare's translation. It is pointed out that the lack of relevance caused by the great changes in the communicative environment in the process of translation is the cause of the failure of translation communication, which is manifested in the separation of the information intention from the communicative intention. In order to bridge this gap and enable communication to proceed smoothly in a cross-linguistic and intercultural environment, the translator must rematch the informational intention with the communicative intention in the process of translation, in order to bridge the gap between the depletion and cancellation of contextual assumptions and the loss or evolution of contextual meaning. The hypothesis of context is enriched and the meaning of context is presented so as to reconstruct the relevance and realize the accurate understanding and full expression of Shakespeare's drama translation. The author hopes that this attempt can provide some references for the study of Shakespeare's drama, translation and even the new version of Shakespeare's play.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

【相似文献】