现代汉语“—死”构式研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 09:17

本文选题：“-死”构式 + 句法　；参考：《南京林业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“-死”构式是现代汉语口语中大量使用的表动作或事物的性质达到很高程度的表达形式。因为“死”字本身所具有的“生命结束”的含义，那么经过虚化后作为程度补语仍然带有这种令人忌讳的意义，并带有极度夸张的意味，所以此构式不适合出现在规章制度、新闻报导等注重客观性的文体中。外国学生由于对“死”的本义和虚化义掌握的误差，在正确理解和使用上也存在一定的难度。本文对“-死”构式进行考察，从句法、语义和语用三个平面，以及该构式的对外汉语教学策略进行了研究。在句法方面，“-死”构式具有半自足的句法义；可以变化成“S+V死+O”构式；“-死”构式无否定形式、比较形式和疑问形式。在语义方面，“死”字在虚化过程中其语境的改变和隐喻的认知机制起了决定性的作用，使之获得了极性程度的意义和较强的主观性。在语义指向的问题上，“死”不带宾语时，主语是第三人称指人名词或代词，而且述语中心语是表生理感受的形容词时，“-死”构式的句子会产生歧义；“S+V死+O”构式产生歧义的条件是：1.主语是第一、二、三人称表人名词或代词，宾语由第三人称表人名词或代词充当；2.述语是二价的行为动词。在语用方面，“-死”构式体现了述语的贬义或说话人态度的夸张，以达到更好的修辞效果。 “S+V死+O”构式可与把字句和被字句进行互换，，但不同的述语中心词决定了它能变换成把字句和被字句，或是只能变换成把字句，还是只能变换成被字句；“S+V死+O”构式进行主宾互易时，第一二人称分别充当主语和宾语时，主宾可以互换位置，而基本句义可以保持不变；第一三人称分别充当主语和宾语时，会出现歧义；第二三人称充当主语和宾语时，第二人称在这类结构的正向句中只能做客事或源事，而第三人称的语义角色则比较自由。本文从句法、语义和语用三方面提出了“-死”构式的对外汉语教学策略，并尝试运用“构式-语块”理论设计对外汉语各个课型的教案。
[Abstract]:"- death" construction is a kind of expression which is widely used in modern Chinese spoken Chinese. Because the word "death" itself has the meaning of "end of life", then as a complement of degree, it still has this taboo meaning and extremely exaggerated meaning, so this construction is not suitable for appearing in the rules and regulations. In an objective style, such as news reports. It is difficult for foreign students to correctly understand and use the original meaning and false meaning of death. This paper investigates the construction of "- death", from the three planes of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, as well as its strategies of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In syntactic aspect, "death" construction has semi-self-sufficient syntactic meaning; it can be changed into "S V dead O" construction; "-death" construction has no negative form, comparative form and interrogative form. In the aspect of semantics, the change of context and the cognitive mechanism of metaphor play a decisive role in the process of "death", which makes it have the meaning of polarity and strong subjectivity. When "death" has no object, the subject is the third person noun or pronoun, and when the head is an adjective to express physiological feelings, the sentence of "- death" will produce ambiguity. The condition for ambiguity of the "S V dead O" construction is: 1. The subject is the first, second, and third person nouns or pronouns, and the object is used as the third person nouns or pronouns. The predicate is a bivalent action verb. In the aspect of pragmatics, the construction of "death" embodies the derogatory meaning of the expression or the exaggeration of the speaker's attitude in order to achieve a better rhetorical effect. The construction of "S V dead O" can be interchanged with the sentence of "S V dead O", but the different central words determine whether it can be transformed into a sentence and a sentence, or can only be transformed into a sentence, or can only be changed into a sentence. When the "S V dead O" construction is exchanged between subject and object, when the first and second person acts as subject and object, the subject and object can exchange positions, while the basic meaning of sentence can remain unchanged, while the first and third person as subject and object will produce ambiguity. When the second person acts as the subject and object, the second person claims that only guest or source can be done in the positive sentence of this kind of structure, while the semantic role of the third person is relatively free. This paper puts forward the strategy of "death" construction in teaching Chinese as a foreign language from three aspects of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and tries to use the theory of "structure-chunks" to design the teaching plans of various classes of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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