基于《汉语大词典》语料库的唐代新词语研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 20:06

本文选题：基本词汇 + 单音词　；参考：《山东大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：唐代是词汇史发展的重要时期,上承中古,下启近代,传承词和新生词都很多,类型多样。论文以《汉语大词典》(以下简称《词典》)中收录的首例为唐代文献的词为采集范围,通过对其进行检索排查,建立唐代新词语料库；根据唐代文献补充相关新词,以〖〗习标识。在这个研究范围内,从意义、形式上描述唐代新词语的基本面貌。全文分七章,另有绪论和结语。绪论介绍唐代新词语的研究意义、现状、内容和方法,交待语料来源和使用情况。唐代新词语研究是汉语史的重要组成部分,也是断代词汇研究不同于专书词汇研究的新方法。目前唐代词汇研究多集中在微观领域,宏观研究成果尚未出现。论文通过对唐代新词进行分义类、分音节形式、分词类、分结构、分语义关系的有序调查,归纳唐代词汇的特点。唐代成语相当于词,列于最后一章。第一章是唐代类义词。从词义入手,寻找新词的系统性。根据唐代社会特点,选择具有社会时代特征的九个领域——政治、经济、法律、教育、科举、文化、思想、科技、社会生活,类聚各领域内的相关词,在社会历史原因中研究词汇产生机制及系统。第二章是唐代基本词汇。唐代产生的、与基本社会生活直接相关、意义简单明确、并普遍延用到近现代汉语的词是唐代基本词汇,分十四类。在社会与词汇的互动中,发现基本词汇的本质及体系。第三章是唐代单音词。总结唐代新单音词特点、产生原因、产生方式,包括以义造词、以音造词、同源造词、词素转化成词四种。同源词包括词根同源、同族同源两类。第四章是唐代双音节非复合词,包括连绵词、叠音词、重叠词和附加词。前三类可归为语音造词：连绵词通过语音回环连缀成词；叠音词和重叠词通过音节重叠构词；附加词是通过附加词缀造成双音词。不过汉语自身音节简单短小,缺乏丰富的专用词缀,致使这类语音和形态构词方式先天不良,能产性相对有限。第五章是唐代双音复合词,通过语法-语义组合构词。前五节分别分析特殊名词、普通名词、动词、形容词及代词、副词、连词的语法结构、语义关系。名词最多,约占6/10,以定中式最多,其次是并列式；构成词素以名名式最多,语义关系最复杂,其次是形名式、动名式等。动词约占3/10,以并列式最多,其次为述宾式、状中式、主谓式和补充式；语义关系以述宾式最复杂。形容词约占1/10,以并列式为主,约占88%,以词素相关并列最多,其次为主谓式、偏正式。副词18个,连词16个,代词12个,数量相对不多。第六节抽样调查了初、盛、中、晚各100个词,讨论其语音结构,发现有16种声调搭配方式,以同调式(平平、上上、去去、入入)和平仄式(平上、平去、平入)居多。第六章是唐代三音节、四音节、五音节合成词。这些词音节虽长,意义却比较单一,形式固定,有传承性复现性；然数量不多,按音节组合数量依次递减。第七章是唐代成语,包括普通成语、典故成语、佛源成语,后两者只有19%,故经典性不是成语的本质特征。成语相当于词,以动词性最多,占一半以上；名词性约有25%；形容词性只有15%。对称性、稳定性是成语的重要特征。结语总结了题目内涵和唐代新词语的总体特点。
[Abstract]:The Tang Dynasty was an important period for the development of the history of the vocabulary, which took place in the middle ancient times and began to start in modern times. The inheritance words and the new words were varied. The paper took the first example of the Tang Dynasty literature as the collection range of the first examples included in the Chinese Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as < dictionary >). By retrieving and investigating it, the paper set up the new words and phrases of the Tang Dynasty, and supplemented the Tang Dynasty literature. In the scope of this study, the basic features of the new words in the Tang Dynasty are described in terms of meaning and form. The full text is divided into seven chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion.
The introduction introduces the significance, the present situation, the content and the method of the new words and expressions in the Tang Dynasty. The study of the new words in the Tang Dynasty is an important part of the history of the Chinese language. It is also a new method for the study of the vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty, which is different from the special book. At present, the study of the vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty is concentrated in the micro field, and the results of the macro research have not yet appeared. The thesis makes an orderly investigation of the new words in the Tang Dynasty by dividing the syllables, dividing the parts of the word, dividing the structure, and dividing the semantic relations in order. The idioms of the Tang Dynasty are equivalent to the words in the last chapter.
The first chapter is the Tang Dynasty class of word. Starting with the meaning of the word, looking for the systematicness of the new words. According to the social characteristics of the Tang Dynasty, we choose nine fields of social characteristics - politics, economy, law, education, imperial examination, culture, thought, science and technology, social life, and the Related words in various fields, and study the mechanism and Department of vocabulary generation in social and historical reasons. Unification.
The second chapter is the basic vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was directly related to the basic social life, and the meaning was simple and clear. The words in the modern Chinese were the basic words of the Tang Dynasty and were divided into fourteen categories. In the interaction of society and vocabulary, the essence and system of the basic vocabulary were found.
The third chapter is the monosyllabic word of the Tang Dynasty. It summed up the characteristics of the new monosyllabic words in the Tang Dynasty, producing the causes and producing ways, including four kinds of words, homologous words, homologous words, morphemes into words, and the homologous words including the root of the word and the homology of the same family in two categories.
The fourth chapter is a double syllable non compound word in the Tang Dynasty, including continuous words, reduplicated words, overlapping words and additional words. The first three categories can be classified as phonetic words: continuous words are interlinked through phonetic rings; reduplication words and overlapping words overlap the words through syllables; the additional words are created by additional affixes, but the syllables of Chinese are simple and short and short. The lack of affix affixes causes such speech and morphological word formation to be inborn, and its productivity is relatively limited.
The fifth chapter is a double tone compound word in the Tang Dynasty. The first five sections analyze special nouns, ordinary nouns, verbs, adjectives, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions, with the grammatical structure and semantic relations. The most common nouns, about 6/10, are the most Chinese, followed by parallel; the morphemes are most famous and the semantic relations are the most complex. The second is the form name type, the verb name type and so on. The verb accounts for about 3/10, with the parallel type most, followed by the predicate type, the form of Chinese, the subject predicate and the supplementary; the semantic relation is the most complex with the predicate. The adjective is about 1/10, which is juxtaposition, accounting for about 88%, the main predicate, the formal, the adverb 18, the conjunctions 16, the pronouns 12, The number is relatively small. The sixth section investigates 100 words in the first, the prosperous, the middle and the evening, discusses its phonetic structure, and finds that there are 16 kinds of tone collocation methods, with the same style (flat, up, going, and entering) in the peace style (flat, flat, and flat).
The sixth chapter is the three syllables, four syllables and five syllables of the Tang Dynasty. These words have long syllables, but their meanings are relatively simple, the forms are fixed, and they have inheriting reproducibility; but the number is not much, and the number of syllables is decreasing in sequence.
The seventh chapter is the idiom of the Tang Dynasty, including the common idioms, the allusions idioms and the Buddhist source idioms, and the latter two are only 19%, so the classic is not the essential characteristic of the idiom. The idiom is equivalent to the word, with the most verb and more than half; the noun is about 25%; the adjective is only 15%. symmetry, and the stability is the important characteristic of idiom.
The conclusion summarizes the connotation of the title and the general characteristics of the new words in the Tang Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H131

【参考文献】