回配效应研究词义扩展

发布时间：2018-07-15 08:49

【摘要】：词义扩大是语言演变中常见的语言现象。词义扩大说最早是德国语言学家赫尔曼保罗在提出的。历年来，有关词义扩大，已有众多学者从不同层面做了不少的论述，但是其中仍然存在不少问题，外延的扩大与词义的扩大究竟有着怎样的关系？从原指一类事物到不止一类事物是否为词义扩大？由个别到一般又是什么样的情况？本文试着对这些问题谈一些粗浅的意见，，并兼及词义扩大的分类。又在此基础上运用回配效应模型解释词义扩大的内在原因。长期以来，谈到词义扩大，众多学者从不同层面给出了不同的解释和定义。本文从指称范围扩大和义项增多两方面分类解释：在什么样的前提条件下，一个词的指称范围扩大可被定义为词义扩大；和分析义项增多的多种情况，及其对词义扩大的影响。并在此界定过程中引用外延和内涵的关系。回配效应(Wu Xiaojing,2008)揭示了词义扩大的内在原因和机制。本文所说的回配指的是词义被自觉或不自觉地解析为若干元素，并返还给提供这些元素的构件。其中回配原则是，尽量返还词义中属于构件的元素，由于构件的语义元素不一定都出现在复合词的义位中，回配可能导致语义亏损。回配效应模型涉及2个构词方式，即对立入中和上位入中，上文提及的语义亏损使得很多词被回配推升至上位结点，从而导致词义扩大。被回配推升至上位结点的词俯拾即是，有些词经历过多次推升，一次又一次的对立入中和回配效应使词义变得越来越宽。本文在回配效应对性别对立复合词的词义扩大研究基础上，又从能源对立复合词，材料对立复合词，施事者对立复合词以及颜色对立复合词方面，对回配效应进一步应用,并对其略作修改。
[Abstract]:Word meaning expansion is a common language phenomenon in language evolution. The extension of word meaning was first put forward by German linguist Hermann Paul. Over the years, the expansion of word meaning has been discussed by many scholars from different levels, but there are still many problems. What is the relationship between the extension and the expansion of word meaning? Is it the extension of word meaning from one thing to more than one? What is the situation from individual to general? This paper tries to give some superficial opinions on these problems and the extended classification of word meaning. On the basis of this, we use the back-matching effect model to explain the inner reason of word meaning expansion. For a long time, many scholars have given different interpretations and definitions from different levels when it comes to the expansion of word meaning. This paper classifies the extension of reference scope and the increase of meaning in terms of: under what conditions, the extension of reference scope of a word can be defined as the extension of word meaning; and the analysis of various situations of increasing meaning and its influence on the expansion of word meaning. And in the process of defining the reference extension and connotation of the relationship. The back matching effect (Wu Xiaojingli 2008) reveals the internal cause and mechanism of word meaning expansion. This paper refers to the meaning of the word is consciously or unconsciously resolved into a number of elements, and returned to provide these elements of the component. The principle of rematch is to return as much as possible the elements that belong to the component in the meaning of the word, because the semantic elements of the component may not all appear in the sememe of the compound word, so the backmatching may lead to semantic loss. The back matching effect model involves two word-formation modes, namely, the opposites and the upper ones. The semantic deficit mentioned above causes many words to be pushed up to the top node, which leads to the expansion of the word meaning. Some words have been pushed up many times, and again, the effect of neutralization and matching makes the meaning of words wider and wider. On the basis of the extended research on the word meaning of sex-opposite compound words, this paper further applies the back matching effect from the aspects of energy opposite compound word, material opposite compound word, doer opposite compound word and color opposite compound word. And make a slight modification to it.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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