布依语汉语名量词对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 08:36

【摘要】：布依语和汉语是汉藏语系中名量词比较丰富的语言。由于汉语语法理论的影响,人们一般都是从汉语的角度来认识布依语名量词的,无论是名量词的分类、名量词的性质、名量词的语法功能,都认为跟汉语一样。事实上,布依语名量词在各个方面都表现出与汉语不同的特点。因此,本文根据认知语言学理论、结构主义理论和语法化理论从不同的角度对布依语和汉语的名量词进行对比研究,分析了两者名量词产生的语义基础,描写了它们不同的语法功能和语法特点,揭示两种语言名量词的发展和演化过程,并对它们的差异进行解释。布依语和汉语名量词的对比研究过去很少有人涉足,而且多从传统语法的角度比较两者的异同,结果往往是同多异少,不能真正显示布依语名量词的特点。因此本文试图从新的角度揭示布依语和汉语名量词的特点,突显两者的差异,力求在以往研究的基础上有所突破。为此,本文利用第一手调查的布依语名量词材料与汉语名量词进行比较,拟实现以下四个目标：第一,探索运用新的语言学理论和方法来研究布依语和汉语语法,特别是布依语语法；第二,揭示布依语和汉语名量词产生的语义基础,加深对两种语言特点的认识；第三,对布依语和汉语名量词的传统分类重新进行界定；第四,从历时的角度描写布依语和汉语名量词产生和发展的过程,并对布依语名量词的来源进行合理的解释。论文正文分为五章,另外有绪论和结语两个部分。具体内容是：第一章布依语和汉语名量词概述。主要介绍布依语和汉语名量词研究的大体概况,并对布依语名量词在日常生活中的分布情况进行详细的说明。第二章布依语汉语名量词的语义基础对比。本章描写和分析了布依语和汉语中的事物范畴、基本层次范畴、范畴化的原则和手段以及事物的“量”,发现两种语言由于所处的地理环境不同,因而对事物的认知存在一定的差异,这是造成两者名量词功能不同的语义基础。最后运用原型理论分析和对比了两种语言名量词在原型、中心成员和边缘成员等方面表现出来的不同特点,揭示了名量词的属性是决定名量词范畴成员地位的基础。第三章布依语汉语名量词的分类对比。长期以来,布依语名量词的分类是根据汉语名量词分类的标准来进行的,这不仅不符合实际,而且模糊了两种语言名量词的界限。根据布依语名量词“别类”的性质,本文把布依语名量词分为有生量词和无生量词两大类；同时根据汉语名量词的“形状”属性,把名量词分为“相同形状”、“相似形状”和“模糊形状”三个类型。第四章布依语汉语名量词的语法功能对比。在词法功能上,布依语名量词的别类功能和情感功能比较明显,而汉语名量词在区别词义和区分同音词方面作用较为突出；在句法功能上,布依语名量词能够跟数词、指示代词、形容词、方位词和动词等发生组合关系,而汉语的名量词只能跟数词和指示代词进行组合；而且在充当句法成分的能力上,布依语的名量词比汉语的名量词明显要强得多。第五章布依语汉语名量词的语法化对比。通过对名量词语法化的动因、语法化的机制和语法化的路径等方面的分析和对比,本文认为汉语名量词在中古后期就走向成熟,并建立了数量表达的优势结构“数+量+名”。这直接影响并导致布依语名量词的产生,其过程包括三个方面：首先,一部分名量词直接从汉语借用；其次,布依语的名词词头通过重新分析演化为名量词,再次,布依语中有些名词和动词通过类推也向名量词转化。除了以上几方面的差异,布依语和汉语名量词的语义演变也表现出不同的倾向。绪论部分主要对本文研究的动机和目的进行说明,并详细介绍了研究方法、理论基础以及研究的材料和范围。结语部分总结了全文的主要观点,指出了研究过程中存在的不足之处,并对未来的研究提出了展望。
[Abstract]:Buyi and Chinese are a very rich language in the Chinese and Tibetan Languages. Because of the influence of the Chinese grammar theory, people generally know the quantifier of the Buyi language from the angle of Chinese, whether it is the classification of the quantifier, the nature of the noun quantifier, the grammatical function of the noun classifier. In fact, the quantifier of the name of the Buyi language is in each of the languages. According to the cognitive linguistics theory, the structuralism theory and the grammaticalization theory, this paper makes a contrastive study of the noun quantifiers in Buyi and Chinese from different angles, and analyzes the semantic basis of their noun quantifiers, describing their different grammatical functions and grammatical features, and revealing their different grammatical and grammatical features. The development and evolution of two kinds of Noun Classifiers are explained and their differences are explained.
The comparative study of Buyi and Chinese noun quantifiers in the past few people have been involved in the past, and compare the similarities and differences of the two from the traditional grammar point of view. The results often result in the same number of differences, which can not really show the characteristics of the quantifier of the Buyi name. In order to make a breakthrough on the basis of previous studies, this paper makes use of the first hand survey of Buyi quantifier materials and Chinese noun quantifiers to achieve the following four goals: first, to explore the use of new linguistic theories and methods to study Buyi and Chinese grammar, especially Buyi grammar; second, to reveal Buyi language. And the semantic basis produced by the Chinese noun quantifier, deepen the understanding of the two language characteristics; third, redefine the traditional classification of Buyi and Chinese noun quantifiers; fourth, describe the process of the generation and development of Buyi and Chinese noun quantifiers from the diachronic angle, and make a reasonable explanation of the source of the quantifier of the Buyi language.
The main body of the thesis is divided into five chapters. Besides, there are two parts: introduction and conclusion.
The first chapter is the outline of Buyi and Chinese noun quantifiers. It mainly introduces the general survey of the study of Buyi and Chinese noun quantifiers, and gives a detailed description of the distribution of Buyi quantifiers in daily life.
The second chapter compares the semantic basis of the Chinese noun quantifier in Buyi language. This chapter describes and analyzes the category of things in Buyi and Chinese, the basic level category, the principle and means of categorization, and the "quantity" of the things, and finds that there are some differences in the cognition of the two languages because of their different geographical environment. This is the result of this. In the end, the different characteristics of the two language name quantifiers in the archetype, the central members and the marginal members are analyzed and contrasted with the prototype theory. It is revealed that the attribute of the noun quantifier is the basis for determining the status of the category of the name quantifier.
The third chapter is the classification and comparison of the quantifier of Chinese name in Buyi language. For a long time, the classification of the quantifier of the name of Buyi is carried out according to the standard of classifiers in Chinese names. This is not only inconsistent with the reality, but also blurs the boundaries of the quantifiers of the two languages. According to the nature of the "different category" of the Buyi name quantifier, this paper divides the Buyi quantifier into a living language. According to the "shape" attribute of the Chinese noun quantifier, the quantifier is divided into three types: "the same shape", "similar shape" and "fuzzy shape", according to the "shape" attribute of the Chinese noun quantifier.
The fourth chapter is the grammatical function comparison of the Chinese noun quantifier in Buyi language. In the lexical function, the function and the emotional function of the Buyi quantifier are more obvious, while the Chinese noun quantifier plays a more prominent role in distinguishing the word meaning and distinguishing the homonym; in the syntactic function, the Buyi name words can follow the numerals, indicating the pronouns, adjectives, and azimuth words. There is a combination of verbs and other verbs, while the Chinese noun quantifier can only be combined with the numerals and demonstrative pronouns, and in the ability to act as a syntactic component, the noun quantifier of the Buyi language is much stronger than the Chinese noun quantifier.
The fifth chapter compares the grammaticalization of the Chinese noun quantifier in Buyi language. Through the analysis and comparison of the motivation, the grammaticalization mechanism and the grammaticalization path of the noun words, this paper holds that the Chinese noun quantifier is mature in the middle of the middle of the middle of the middle of the middle age, and has established the dominant structure of quantity expression, "number + quantity + name", which directly affects and causes the cloth. According to the production of a noun classifier, the process consists of three aspects: first, a part of the noun classifier is borrowed directly from the Chinese language; secondly, the noun phrase of the Buyi language is transformed into a noun quantifier through reanalysis, and again, some nouns and verbs in Buyi are converted to the noun quantifier through analogies. The semantic evolution of quantifiers also shows different tendencies.
The introduction part mainly explains the motive and purpose of this study, and introduces the research method, the theoretical basis and the material and scope of the study in detail. The concluding part summarizes the main views of the full text, points out the shortcomings of the research process, and puts forward the prospect of the research in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H268;H146

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