汉语借词音系学中流音借用的优选论分析
发布时间：2018-07-25 15:06
【摘要】：在有关借词音系学研究的文献中主要有三种观点，即感知分析、音系分析，以及音系感知分析。前两种分析都无法对一些特例做出解释。例如，在汉语借词中音节[ki]会借用为[ti]，如‘KenDeJi’[kntti]，因为在汉语普通话音系当中存在鄂化现象(palatalization)，音节[ki]是不合法的，即母语音系规则在起作用。而感知分析却忽略第一语言（母语）的音系因素，无法对此做出解释。另外一方面，在粤语借词中存在塞音[p]和[t]的脱落现象，如‘stamp’[stmp]→[sitam],‘post’[pust]→[posi]。感知分析认为这是由于塞音[p]和[t]的感知信号（perceptualcues）很弱所致。而音系分析却无法对此特例作出解释。本文以汉语借词音系中的流音借用为例，认为音系感知的方法可以更好地解释汉语借词音系。 通过对语料库的分析，本文认为在英源汉语借词的流音借用中，母语的音系规则和对外来语的感知都起着作用。同时，在一项感知实验当中，本文让10名受试者（英语专业研究生）分别听辨16个毫无意义且均以/r/为音节首的双音节英语单词（/rvcv/和/cvrv/分别8个），并让受试者分别从16组相对应的双音节汉语借词当中，选出感知上最能接受的16个双音节词。实验结果显示，在受试者所选择的汉语借词当中（共计160个实体），125个双音节实体是以音位/r/为音节首，而只有35个实体是以音位/l/为音节首。这进一步表明，感知因素对外来语的借用起着重要作用。因此，，本文认为音系感知的方法可以更好地分析汉语的借词音系。 同时，本文以优选论为框架，对流音的借用作出了合理的解释。本文认为汉语借词中流音的借用，可以理解成优选论中两种制约条件相互作用的结果。本文通过论证，指出汉语借词中流音的音节首和音节尾，同样受到汉语和英语中普遍制约条件的制约。流音音节首和音节尾的不同借用现象，是由于二者的制约条件等级排列不同所导致。这两种等级排列不同的制约条件为：(1)*/r_/σ*/_l/σ,ProsodicNaturalnessMax-IO,Ident-IO([lateral])Dep-IO;(2)*/_l/σ*/r_/σ,ProsodicNaturalnessMax-IO,Ident-IO([lateral])Dep-IO.文章最后指出了本文研究的不足以及进一步研究的一些建议。
[Abstract]:There are three main viewpoints in the literature on phonology of loanwords, namely, perceptual analysis, phonological analysis, and phonological perceptual analysis. Neither of the first two analyses can explain some of the exceptions. For example, the syllable [ki] may be used as [ti] in Chinese loanwords, such as Ken DeJi' [kntti], because it is illegal for (palatalization), syllables [Ki] to exist in Chinese Putonghua phonetic systems, that is, the rules of native phonology are at work. However, perception analysis ignores the phonological factors of the first language (mother tongue) and cannot explain it. On the other hand, in Cantonese loanwords, the phenomenon of stop-tone [p] and [t] shedding exists, such as [sitam] [pust] [posi]. Perceptual analysis suggests that this is due to the weak (perceptualcues) of the perceptual signals of [p] and [t]. But the phonological analysis can not explain this special case. This paper takes the flow sound borrowing in Chinese loanwords phonology as an example and thinks that the phonological perception method can better explain the phonological system of Chinese loanwords. Through the analysis of the corpus, this paper holds that the phonological rules of the mother tongue and the perception of foreign words play an important role in the flow sound borrowing of English and Chinese loanwords. At the same time, in a perception experiment, In this paper, 10 subjects (English majors) were asked to listen to 16 meaningless dicyllabic English words (8 / rvcv / and 8 / cvrv/ respectively), and to borrow from 16 pairs of disyllabic Chinese words. Select the 16 most perceptible disyllabic words. The experimental results show that among the Chinese loanwords selected by the subjects (160 entities in total), 125 disyllabic entities begin with phonemes / r / and only 35 entities begin with phonemes /. This further indicates that perceptual factors play an important role in the borrowing of foreign words. Therefore, this paper believes that phonological perception method can better analyze the phonology of Chinese loanwords. At the same time, based on the theory of optimal selection, this paper gives a reasonable explanation for the borrowing of convective sound. This paper holds that the borrowing of flowing sound in Chinese loanwords can be understood as the result of the interaction of the two restrictive conditions in the theory of optimal selection. This paper points out that the beginning and end of syllables in Chinese loanwords are also restricted by the common constraints in Chinese and English. The different borrowing phenomenon between the beginning and the end of the flowing syllable is caused by the different order of restriction conditions. The constraints of these two different levels are as follows: (1) P / R / 蟽 / L / 蟽 / P / S / P / T / P / S / 蟽 / P / T / P / S / 蟽 / T / T / P / S / S / S / T / P / S / P / T / P / P / T / P / P / P / P / P / S / P / S / P / S / T / P / S / P / S / S / S / P / S / S / S / O / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / O / S / S / O / O / O Finally, the paper points out the shortcomings of this study and some suggestions for further study.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H116
本文编号：2144196
[Abstract]:There are three main viewpoints in the literature on phonology of loanwords, namely, perceptual analysis, phonological analysis, and phonological perceptual analysis. Neither of the first two analyses can explain some of the exceptions. For example, the syllable [ki] may be used as [ti] in Chinese loanwords, such as Ken DeJi' [kntti], because it is illegal for (palatalization), syllables [Ki] to exist in Chinese Putonghua phonetic systems, that is, the rules of native phonology are at work. However, perception analysis ignores the phonological factors of the first language (mother tongue) and cannot explain it. On the other hand, in Cantonese loanwords, the phenomenon of stop-tone [p] and [t] shedding exists, such as [sitam] [pust] [posi]. Perceptual analysis suggests that this is due to the weak (perceptualcues) of the perceptual signals of [p] and [t]. But the phonological analysis can not explain this special case. This paper takes the flow sound borrowing in Chinese loanwords phonology as an example and thinks that the phonological perception method can better explain the phonological system of Chinese loanwords. Through the analysis of the corpus, this paper holds that the phonological rules of the mother tongue and the perception of foreign words play an important role in the flow sound borrowing of English and Chinese loanwords. At the same time, in a perception experiment, In this paper, 10 subjects (English majors) were asked to listen to 16 meaningless dicyllabic English words (8 / rvcv / and 8 / cvrv/ respectively), and to borrow from 16 pairs of disyllabic Chinese words. Select the 16 most perceptible disyllabic words. The experimental results show that among the Chinese loanwords selected by the subjects (160 entities in total), 125 disyllabic entities begin with phonemes / r / and only 35 entities begin with phonemes /. This further indicates that perceptual factors play an important role in the borrowing of foreign words. Therefore, this paper believes that phonological perception method can better analyze the phonology of Chinese loanwords. At the same time, based on the theory of optimal selection, this paper gives a reasonable explanation for the borrowing of convective sound. This paper holds that the borrowing of flowing sound in Chinese loanwords can be understood as the result of the interaction of the two restrictive conditions in the theory of optimal selection. This paper points out that the beginning and end of syllables in Chinese loanwords are also restricted by the common constraints in Chinese and English. The different borrowing phenomenon between the beginning and the end of the flowing syllable is caused by the different order of restriction conditions. The constraints of these two different levels are as follows: (1) P / R / 蟽 / L / 蟽 / P / S / P / T / P / S / 蟽 / P / T / P / S / 蟽 / T / T / P / S / S / S / T / P / S / P / T / P / P / T / P / P / P / P / P / S / P / S / P / S / T / P / S / P / S / S / S / P / S / S / S / O / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / O / S / S / O / O / O Finally, the paper points out the shortcomings of this study and some suggestions for further study.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H116
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前9条
1 李振麟;张瑜英;董蔚君;;上海方言区学生英语发音错误初探[J];复旦学报(人文科学版);1957年01期
2 王珏;汉语对外来词的语音驯化[J];解放军外语学院学报;1993年01期
3 张吉生;优选论与汉语外来语的音节可接受性[J];解放军外国语学院学报;2003年04期
4 王茂林;汉语自然话语韵律组块的优选论分析[J];暨南学报(哲学社会科学版);2005年04期
5 陈丽;;方言对英语语音语调的负迁移作用及对策[J];内江科技;2010年09期
6 周军;张燕;;试析双音节外来词的生成理据及其优势[J];南宁师范高等专科学校学报;2009年03期
7 张吉生;;再论汉语外来语音节可接受性的优选分析[J];外国语(上海外国语大学学报);2006年02期
8 于辉;;汉语中英语借词的知觉、音系分析——以音译词中的流音(l、r)为例[J];语言研究;2007年04期
9 朱晓农;;说流音[J];语言研究;2008年04期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 于辉;汉语借词音系学[D];南开大学;2010年
本文编号：2144196
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/wenyilunwen/hanyulw/2144196.html
