新闻标题中的象似修辞研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 09:29

【摘要】：语言符号的象似性,与索绪尔提出的语言任意性相对，研究语言的能指和所指表达形式和表达意义的相似或一致性关系。根据皮尔斯的符号三分法，语言的象似性分为映象象似性、拟象象似性和隐喻象似性。映象象似性研究语言符号的音或形和其代表的意义的直接相似性；拟象象似性探究语言符号的结构和其所表现的内容结构的相似性；隐喻象似性关注两种语言符号所代表的两种概念之间的一种映射关系。近几十年来对象似性理论的研究主要集中在从语言层次上（音系层次、形态层次、句法层次和文本层次）来分析语言的象似性理论。随着研究的深入，语言象似性不仅被看做语言的一种属性，还被当做一种文体修辞手段。学者们运用这种象似修辞手段来分析诗歌、广告、小说、演讲等文本，但运用象似性理论研究新闻语篇，尤其是对新闻标题的研究，目前还处于起步阶段。新闻标题作为新闻的眼睛和灵魂，是整条新闻的最重要部分。新闻标题主要以简洁凝练、高度概括、新颖独特的特征吸引读者、传递信息。基于新闻标题的特点和语言象似性理论的研究，本论文将二者结合起来，运用象似性的主要原则，分析新闻标题在音系、形态、句法、文本结构等方面体现出来的象似关系。基于皮尔斯的符号三分法，本文集中探讨了映象象似和拟象象似在新闻标题中的运用。通过对近二十年间有影响力的报刊杂志中的部分新闻标题的分析，，本研究发现映象象似在新闻标题中主要体现在两方面：语音象似和形象象似。在新闻标题中，直接语言象似主要是通过拟声词来体现，间接语音象似性是通过一些具体修辞手段如押头韵、押尾韵等方式来实现。形象象似主要是通过排版、字体等体现出来。映象象似在新闻标题中的应用使得标题更加生动、直观，产生一种音律和视觉上的美感，吸引读者的注意力。新闻标题中的拟象象似性原则通过距离象似、顺序象似、数量象似、标记象似等四方面来实现。具体而言，距离象似在新闻标题中主要是体现在一般现在时态、省略、标点的使用等方面；顺序象似性体现在自然顺序象似和逻辑顺序象似上；数量象似性主要通过新闻标题中的反复、缩写等方式实现；标记象似性则主要通过一些特殊的标点符号、排版方法及典故等的使用来体现。这些拟象象似性使得新闻标题简洁凝练、表达力强、排版新颖、吸引读者。这样既突出了新闻标题的主要特征和功能，也实现了象似性的修辞效果。本文通过大量实例分析语言象似性在新闻标题中的体现，充分说明了象似性在新闻标题中所达到的修辞作用和文体效果，即象似性在新闻标题中的运用使得其更加简洁明了、独特新颖、吸引读者。对新闻标题中象似性的修辞效果和文体特征的分析也有效检验和增强了语言象似性的解释力。
[Abstract]:The iconicity of linguistic symbols, in contrast to the arbitrariness of language proposed by Saussure, is used to study the similarity or consistency of the forms and meanings of expressions of signifier and signified in language. According to Pierce's symbolic three points, the iconicity of language is divided into iconicity, iconicity and metaphor iconicity. Image iconicity studies the direct similarity between the sound or form of linguistic symbols and the meaning they represent, and simulative iconicity explores the similarity between the structure of linguistic symbols and the structure of their contents. Metaphor iconicity concerns a mapping relationship between the two concepts represented by the two linguistic symbols. In recent decades, the research of object iconicity mainly focuses on the linguistic level (phonological level, morphological level, syntactic level and text level) to analyze the iconicity theory of language. With the development of research, iconicity is regarded not only as an attribute of language, but also as a stylistic and rhetorical device. Scholars use this kind of figurative rhetoric to analyze poetry, advertisement, novel, speech and so on. However, the study of news discourses by using iconicity theory, especially the study of news headlines, is still in its infancy. News headline, as the eye and soul of news, is the most important part of the whole news. News headlines attract readers and convey information with concise, highly generalized, novel and unique features. Based on the characteristics of news headlines and the study of linguistic iconicity theory, this paper combines the two theories and applies the main principles of iconicity to analyze the iconicity relations of news headlines in phonology, morphology, syntax, text structure and so on. Based on Pierce's symbolic three points, this paper focuses on the application of image iconicity and pseudo iconicity in news headlines. Based on the analysis of some headlines in influential newspapers and magazines in recent twenty years, this study finds that image iconicity is mainly reflected in two aspects in news headlines: phonetic iconicity and image iconicity. In news headlines, direct linguistic iconicity is mainly reflected by onomatopoeia, and indirect phonetic iconicity is realized by some specific rhetorical devices such as rhyme and rhyme. Image seems to be mainly reflected by typesetting, fonts, and so on. The application of image in news headlines makes the headlines more vivid and intuitive, and produces a kind of rhythm and visual beauty to attract readers' attention. The principle of iconicity in news headlines is realized in four aspects: distance iconicity, sequential iconicity, quantitative iconicity and tagging iconicity. In particular, distance iconicity in news headlines is mainly reflected in the general present tense, ellipsis, the use of punctuation, and so on, the sequence iconicity is reflected in the natural sequence iconicity and logical sequence iconicity. The quantitative iconicity is mainly realized by the repetition and acronym in the news headlines, while the marking iconicity is mainly reflected by the use of some special punctuation marks, typesetting methods and allusions. These iconicity make news headlines concise, expressive, new typesetting, and attract readers. This not only highlights the main features and functions of news headlines, but also achieves the rhetorical effect of iconicity. In this paper, the rhetorical function and stylistic effect of iconicity in news headlines are fully explained by analyzing the embodiment of iconicity in news headlines by a large number of examples, that is, the use of iconicity in news headlines makes it more concise and clear. Unique and novel to attract readers. The analysis of the rhetorical effects and stylistic features of iconicity in news headlines also effectively tests and enhances the explanatory power of iconicity.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G213;H15

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