轻动词视野下的《世说新语》动宾关系研究
发布时间：2018-07-29 07:48
【摘要】：本文以魏晋时期的笔记小说《世说新语》为语料，以现代语言学中的轻动词理论为理论基础，对《世说新语》中动宾之间的语义关系做了比较系统、全面的分类。全文对《世说新语》中动宾关系的分类以句法结构的不同为标准，比较详细地考查了动词本身的词汇意义和动宾短语所处的句法环境对动宾语义关系的影响情况。全文按动宾关系所处句法环境和所含轻动词的不同，将《世说新语》中动词和宾语之间的语义关系分为三大类11小类，全文共分七个部分论述。 绪论部分对语料《世说新语》的作者、版本、内容、体例和语言研究现状等基本情况做了简要介绍，展现了《世说新语》口语性强的语言特点。 第一章是本文的理论介绍部分。本章对轻动词理论的发展、动宾关系的复杂性等问题进行了阐释，并在轻动词理论的指导下对《世说新语》中的动宾关系进行了分类。 第二、三、四章是文章的主体部分，这部分对《世说新语》中的三大类动宾关系：叙述关系、描写关系和说明关系分别进行了分析。 叙述关系是指整个动宾结构是对主语动作、事件动态过程的呈现。叙述关系中，动词和宾语之间的语义关系又分为五小类：支配关系、关涉关系、经历关系、时空关系和致使关系。这一部分主要的创新之处在于：一是将见闻类和遭遇类动词与其后宾语之间的关系都归为“经历关系”，认为此类动宾结构中，宾语对主语产生了某种影响，主语被动地做出反应；二是对致使关系中“使令”动词的意义由“命令”向“致使”转化、轻动词“CAUSE”由句法层面向词法层面的转化过程做了动态分析。这一部分是全文的重点和难点。 描写关系是指整个动宾结构是对主语所代表的人或物自身某种状态的描写，包括动态和静态的描写。描写关系进一步分为三小类：因果关系、保持关系和变化关系。在本文中，我们特将心理动词与它后面宾语之间的关系归为因果关系，这不同于以往的分类。 说明关系包括判断关系、存现关系和比拟关系三个小类。我们发现，，在表“判断”、“存现”和“比拟”这三类关系的句子中，谓语动词的动作性很弱，只是对主语和宾语起到某种连接作用。这三类动词所带的宾语，我们称之为“关系宾语”。 第五章对《世说新语》中“其他动宾关系”和动宾关系的演变做了简要介绍。我们认为，《世说新语》中的动宾关系比起先秦汉语来，有了新的发展，宾语前置现象大大减少，词类活用现象也明显减少；轻动词的有音标记词，如“被”、“使”等的词汇义开始虚化，而承担更多的语法意义。 文章的结论部分对全文的主要观点进行了概括，并对全文研究存在的问题和不足进行了总结，指出了今后研究继续努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Based on the novel "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" in Wei and Jin dynasties and the light verb theory in modern linguistics, this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive classification of the semantic relationship between verb and object in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". Based on the difference of syntactic structure, this paper examines in detail the influence of the lexical meaning of the verb itself and the syntactic environment of the verb-object phrase on the verb-object semantic relationship. According to the different syntactic environment of verb-object relation and the light verb, the semantic relation between verb and object is divided into three categories and eleven subcategories, and the whole text is divided into seven parts. In the introduction part, the author, edition, content, style and current situation of language research are briefly introduced, and the characteristics of spoken language are shown. The first chapter is the theoretical introduction of this article. This chapter explains the development of light verb theory and the complexity of verb-object relationship, and classifies the verb-object relationship under the guidance of light verb theory. The second, third and fourth chapters are the main part of the article. This part analyzes three kinds of verb-object relations in Shi Shuo Xin Yu: narrative relation, descriptive relation and illustrative relation. The narrative relation refers to the presentation of the whole verb-object structure to the subject action and the dynamic process of the event. In narrative relations, the semantic relations between verbs and objects can be divided into five sub-categories: dominating relation, related relation, experiential relation, space-time relation and causative relation. The main innovations of this part are as follows: first, the relationship between the verb of seeing and hearing and the verb of encounter and the object after it is classified as "experiential relation", and the object has some influence on the subject in this kind of verb-object structure. The second is the dynamic analysis of the transformation of the meaning of the verb from "command" to "cause" and the transformation of the light verb "CAUSE" from syntactic level to lexical level. This part is the focus and difficulty of the full text. Descriptive relation refers to the description of a certain state of the person or thing represented by the subject, including the dynamic and static description. Descriptive relationships are further divided into three subcategories: causality, maintenance and variation. In this paper, the relationship between psychological verb and its object is classified as causality, which is different from previous classification. The relationship includes three subcategories: judgment relation, existential relation and analogy relation. We find that in the sentences of "judgment", "existential" and "analogy", the verb is very weak in action, but it only plays a certain connecting role to the subject and object. These three kinds of verbs carry objects, which we call "relational objects". The fifth chapter briefly introduces the evolution of "other verb-object relations" and verb-object relations in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. In our opinion, the verb-object relation in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" has made a new development compared with the pre-Qin Chinese language, and the phenomenon of object preposition has been greatly reduced, and the phenomenon of part of speech usage has been obviously reduced, and the phonetic tagging words of light verbs, such as "Bei", have been greatly reduced. The lexical meaning of "make" begins to be empty and takes on more grammatical meanings. The conclusion of the paper summarizes the main points of view of the full text, summarizes the problems and shortcomings of the full text research, and points out the direction of further research.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141
本文编号：2152003
[Abstract]:Based on the novel "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" in Wei and Jin dynasties and the light verb theory in modern linguistics, this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive classification of the semantic relationship between verb and object in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". Based on the difference of syntactic structure, this paper examines in detail the influence of the lexical meaning of the verb itself and the syntactic environment of the verb-object phrase on the verb-object semantic relationship. According to the different syntactic environment of verb-object relation and the light verb, the semantic relation between verb and object is divided into three categories and eleven subcategories, and the whole text is divided into seven parts. In the introduction part, the author, edition, content, style and current situation of language research are briefly introduced, and the characteristics of spoken language are shown. The first chapter is the theoretical introduction of this article. This chapter explains the development of light verb theory and the complexity of verb-object relationship, and classifies the verb-object relationship under the guidance of light verb theory. The second, third and fourth chapters are the main part of the article. This part analyzes three kinds of verb-object relations in Shi Shuo Xin Yu: narrative relation, descriptive relation and illustrative relation. The narrative relation refers to the presentation of the whole verb-object structure to the subject action and the dynamic process of the event. In narrative relations, the semantic relations between verbs and objects can be divided into five sub-categories: dominating relation, related relation, experiential relation, space-time relation and causative relation. The main innovations of this part are as follows: first, the relationship between the verb of seeing and hearing and the verb of encounter and the object after it is classified as "experiential relation", and the object has some influence on the subject in this kind of verb-object structure. The second is the dynamic analysis of the transformation of the meaning of the verb from "command" to "cause" and the transformation of the light verb "CAUSE" from syntactic level to lexical level. This part is the focus and difficulty of the full text. Descriptive relation refers to the description of a certain state of the person or thing represented by the subject, including the dynamic and static description. Descriptive relationships are further divided into three subcategories: causality, maintenance and variation. In this paper, the relationship between psychological verb and its object is classified as causality, which is different from previous classification. The relationship includes three subcategories: judgment relation, existential relation and analogy relation. We find that in the sentences of "judgment", "existential" and "analogy", the verb is very weak in action, but it only plays a certain connecting role to the subject and object. These three kinds of verbs carry objects, which we call "relational objects". The fifth chapter briefly introduces the evolution of "other verb-object relations" and verb-object relations in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. In our opinion, the verb-object relation in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" has made a new development compared with the pre-Qin Chinese language, and the phenomenon of object preposition has been greatly reduced, and the phenomenon of part of speech usage has been obviously reduced, and the phonetic tagging words of light verbs, such as "Bei", have been greatly reduced. The lexical meaning of "make" begins to be empty and takes on more grammatical meanings. The conclusion of the paper summarizes the main points of view of the full text, summarizes the problems and shortcomings of the full text research, and points out the direction of further research.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141
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