国内小学识字教学法在对外汉字教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 15:13

【摘要】：随着全球“汉语热”的升温,汉语学习者人数越来越多,而作为汉语书写符号系统的汉字却被大多数留学生尤其是非汉字文化圈学生认为是汉语学习的最大障碍。在他们看来,汉字的数量繁多,笔画复杂,结构多样,表意丰富,难以掌握。上世纪90年代以来,对外汉字教学开始逐渐受到研究者的重视,研究者从汉字教学理论研究、汉字本体研究、文化教学研究、汉字习得研究等不同的角度对对外汉字教学进行了较为深入系统的研究,但从对外汉字教学研究的整体状况看,研究者多是围绕汉字本体与汉字教学实践等方面展开,而小学识字教学法在对外汉字教学中的应用研究还处在起步阶段,成果不多,且研究的广度和深度还不够。对外汉字教学和我国小学识字教学都是以现代规范汉字为学习对象,以教育学、心理学、文字学理论为指导,都遵循循序渐进的原则……这些共同的特点说明国内小学识字理论和方法对对外汉字教学是有可借鉴之处的,汉语教师可以利用国内小学识字教学的合理因素和成功做法,来完善目前对外汉字教学。本文在对国内小学传统识字法和当前识字教学先进理念及教学方法整理的基础上,通过听课、个别访谈、测试等方式对教学理念和教学设备都比较先进的淄博师范高等专科学校附属小学一年级语文课堂常用识字方法的调查,尝试将那些高效的小学识字法运用到对外汉字教学中来。经过对HSK中一级到四级的1200字词(1075个汉字)的分类统计,将其中应该最先教授的构字和构词能力较强的独体字以及出现频率较高的汉字都进行了整理,从意义、偏旁、读音、字形等角度做了较为全面系统地归类,将1075个汉字中的表意文字进行了统计,并将韵语识字、表演识字、生活识字所常用的字词也进行了归纳,同时运用这些方法进行了一课时的汉字教学设计,以期对对外汉字教学提供更多的依据和思路。本文注重理论与实践相结合,在国内小学识字教学方法和理论的启发下对零起点留学生进行对外汉字课堂教学的探索与实践,因此本文的研究成果将强化对外汉语教学中的薄弱环节,拓展和深化对外汉字教学的研究领域。同时,还对对外汉字教学实践提供了可行的教学方案,可操作性较强。
[Abstract]:With the global "Chinese craze" heating up, the number of Chinese learners is increasing, but Chinese characters, as a system of Chinese writing symbols, are considered by most foreign students, especially non-Chinese cultural circle students, as the biggest obstacle to learning Chinese. In their view, the number of Chinese characters, stroke complexity, diversity of structure, ideographic rich, difficult to master. Since the 1990s, the foreign Chinese character teaching has been paid more and more attention by the researchers. The researchers study the theory of Chinese character teaching, the study of Chinese character ontology, the study of culture teaching. The study of Chinese character acquisition and other different angles has made a deep and systematic study on the teaching of foreign Chinese characters. However, from the overall situation of the research on the teaching of foreign Chinese characters, the researchers mostly focus on the Chinese character Noumenon and the teaching practice of Chinese characters, and so on. However, the research on the application of Chinese character teaching method in primary school is still in its infancy, with few achievements, and the breadth and depth of the research are not enough. The teaching of Chinese characters in foreign countries and the teaching of Chinese characters in primary schools in China are all guided by modern standardized Chinese characters and guided by the theories of pedagogy, psychology and philology, all of which follow the principle of gradual and orderly progress. These common characteristics show that the theories and methods of Chinese character in primary schools in China can be used for reference in the teaching of Chinese characters in foreign countries. Chinese teachers can make use of the reasonable factors and successful practices of Chinese character teaching in primary schools in China to perfect the present teaching of Chinese characters in foreign countries. On the basis of sorting out the traditional literacy methods and the advanced concepts and teaching methods of the current literacy teaching in primary schools in China, this paper, through listening to classes and individual interviews, In this paper, the author investigates the commonly used literacy methods in the first grade Chinese classroom of Zibo Teachers College, which is more advanced in teaching concept and teaching equipment, and tries to apply those efficient primary literacy methods to the teaching of Chinese characters in foreign countries. Through the classification statistics of 1200 words (1075 Chinese characters) in HSK, which should be taught first, the single-type characters with strong ability of construction and word-formation, as well as the Chinese characters with higher frequency, are arranged from the meaning, side, pronunciation. From the angle of glyph and other aspects, the author classifies the ideographic characters in 1075 Chinese characters, and sums up the words commonly used in rhyme, performance and life. At the same time, we use these methods to design the teaching of Chinese characters in one class in order to provide more basis and ideas for the teaching of Chinese characters in foreign countries. This paper focuses on the combination of theory and practice. Under the inspiration of the teaching methods and theories of Chinese character teaching in primary schools in China, the author explores and practices the Chinese character classroom teaching for the students with zero starting point. Therefore, the research results of this paper will strengthen the weak links in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, and expand and deepen the research field of the teaching of Chinese characters as a foreign language. At the same time, it also provides a feasible teaching plan for the foreign Chinese character teaching practice, and has strong maneuverability.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195.3

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