预设理论视角下自我调侃言语幽默的生成机制研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 15:55

【摘要】：自我调侃言语幽默作为一种成功的语言交际现象不容忽视，它是言语幽默的一部分，具有特殊的交际效果和重要的语用价值。自我调侃言语幽默以语言为媒介，以说话者自身为幽默对象，通过双关、比喻、夸张、仿拟、反语等修辞手段，根据特殊的语境，运用轻巧而诙谐的笔调表达语言或者现象的乖谬和不合理，并启发人们去思考，达到其幽默的艺术“笑”果。自我调侃言语幽默的产生是文字或语用中包含的预设作用的结果，而“不协调”是预设能够产生作用并达到言语幽默的根源。“意料之外”本质是由于说话人所持预设或者想表达的预设与听话人所推理出的预设这两者间的不一致导致。然后经过听话人的推导这种“不一致”突然被感知。正是这种由“意料之外”到“情理之中”的思维转换使听话者体会到了语言的乐趣，自我调侃言语幽默的“笑”果便由此产生。本文的第一章介绍了课题研究的目的和意义，研究对象和语料来源，并指出了本文的创新点及不足之处。本文的第二章是对幽默的研究。介绍了幽默的概念，划分依据及类别，并在以往研究成果的基础上对言语幽默进行了重新的定义和分类，明确了本文的研究对象—自我调侃言语幽默。接着在对自我调侃言语幽默的语用功能和社会价值进行实例分析中也间接的说明了课题研究的必要性和价值。然后介绍了传统幽默研究的三大理论，，认为不协调论(或乖讹论)是幽默产生的根源。自我调侃言语幽默产生于内心所感受到的“意料之外”到经过推理所领会到的“情理之中”的心理转换。第三章至第五章是本文的主体部分。第三章是预设理论综述。预设作为语义学和语用学研究的重要范畴之一，又被称为前提、先设和前设。本章对与预设相关的概念进行了区分，对狭义预设（语义预设）和广义预设(语用预设)和预设的特征进行了概括，接下来的第四章和第五章力求将预设理论介入到自我调侃言语幽默的生成。通过分析广泛收集到的语料，探讨自我调侃言语幽默产生的原因。本文通过分析心理预设、修辞预设两个角度，探讨解读了包括此类预设的自我调侃言语幽默。对自我调侃语幽默产生的诠释中，把预设的性质：可取消性、可追加性、互知性和适切性、不必然真实性等也应用其中。本文的最后一部分即第六章探讨了自我调侃言语幽默在对外汉语教学中的应用及对对外汉语教学的启示。认为适当的自我调侃言语幽默能够拉近与学生之间的心理距离，融洽课堂气氛，加深学生对学习内容的理解和记忆。
[Abstract]:As a successful phenomenon of language communication, self-ridiculing verbal humor is a part of verbal humor, which has special communicative effect and important pragmatic value. Self-ridicule verbal humor takes language as the medium and the speaker itself as the object of humor. Through rhetorical devices such as puns, metaphors, exaggeration, parody, irony and so on, according to the special context, The use of light and witty style to express the perversion and irrationality of language or phenomenon, and inspire people to think, to achieve its humorous art of "laugh" effect. The production of self-ridiculing verbal humor is the result of presupposition contained in words or pragmatics, while "disharmony" is the root of presupposition which can produce and achieve verbal humor. The nature of "unexpected" is caused by the inconsistency between the presupposition held by the speaker or the presupposition he wishes to express and the presupposition inferred by the addressee. Then the inconsistency was suddenly perceived by the hearer. It is this kind of thinking transformation from "unexpected" to "reasonable" that makes the hearer realize the pleasure of language. The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of the research, the research object and the source of the corpus, and points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper. The second chapter is the study of humor. This paper introduces the concept, classification and classification of humor, and redefines and classifies verbal humor on the basis of previous research results, and clarifies the research object of this paper, self-ridicule verbal humor. Secondly, the paper also indirectly explains the necessity and value of the research on the pragmatic function and social value of self-mocking verbal humor. Then it introduces the three theories of traditional humor research and thinks that the incongruity theory is the root of humor. Self-ridiculing verbal humor comes from the psychological transformation from "unexpected" to "reasonable". The third to fifth chapters are the main part of this paper. The third chapter is a summary of presupposition theory. As one of the important categories of semantics and pragmatics, presupposition is also called premise, presupposition and presupposition. This chapter distinguishes the concepts related to presupposition and generalizes the features of narrow presupposition (semantic presupposition) and generalized presupposition (pragmatic presupposition) and presupposition. The fourth and fifth chapters try to involve the presupposition theory into the generation of self-ridiculing verbal humor. By analyzing the collected data, this paper discusses the causes of self-ridiculing verbal humor. By analyzing psychological presupposition and rhetorical presupposition, this paper explores and interprets self-ridiculing verbal humor including this presupposition. In the interpretation of humor produced by self-ridicule, the presupposition of nature, such as cancelability, additionality, mutual understanding and relevance, and not necessarily authenticity, are also applied. The last part, chapter six, discusses the application of humor in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and its enlightenment to teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is concluded that proper self-humor can bring the students closer to the psychological distance, harmonize the classroom atmosphere, and deepen the students' understanding and memory of the learning content.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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